Ninth‑grade students’ interactions and co‑construction of arguments during a teaching unit on soil science

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In the last decades, extensive research has been conducted on argumentation and classroom discourse, but few studies have developed combined analyses on interaction patternsand co-construction of arguments. In this paper, we analyse the discussion of a group ofninth-grade students (ages 14–15) concerning soil science, with the aim of investigating the co-construction of arguments and the interactions in a naturalistic context. In order to collect data, pupils’ discussions during a session were recorded in audio and video fles. The session was framed in a teaching unit in which the students were presented with a land allocation problem, and they had to solve it using information about soil properties. A network to analyse interactions and Toulmin’s scheme to analyse argumentation wereused. The results suggest that the roles adopted by the pupils and the teacher were diferent from those of a traditional classroom, and that the tasks succeeded in encouraging the pupils to reason and discuss. On the other hand, when analysing the co-construction of the arguments, we observed that the quality of discourse was not the same in all the analysed episodes. In the frst one, an argument with a greater articulation of ideas is constructed, whereas in the last one, we found diferent ideas that were merely juxtaposed, constructing parallel arguments. We conclude that the quality of the classroom dialogue is high when the participants manage to articulate ideas that interact with each other, referring to the remaining ideas during the process of constructing meanings.
En las últimas décadas, se ha llevado a cabo una amplia investigación sobre la argumentación y el discurso en el aula, pero pocos estudios han analizado de forma combinada los patrones de interacción y la co-construcción de argumentos. En este trabajo se analiza la discusión de un grupo de estudiantes de noveno grado (14 a 15 años) sobre el suelo, con el objetivo de analizar la co-construcción de argumentos y las interacciones en un contexto real. Para la recogida de datos, se grabó en audio y video la discusión de los estudiantes durante una sesión. La sesión estaba enmarcada en una unidad didáctica en donde se presentó a los estudiantes un problema de ordenación del territorio, el cual tuvieron que resolver usando información acerca de las propiedades del suelo. Para el análisis de las interacciones se utilizó una red sistémica y para el análisis de los argumentos se utilizó el esquema de Toulmin. Los resultados sugieren que los papeles adoptados por los estudiantes y el profesor son distintos a los de una clase tradicional, y que las tareas animaron a los estudiantes a razonar y discutir. Por otro lado, al analizar la construcción de argumentos, se observó que la calidad del discurso no fue la misma para los tres episodios analizados. En el primer episodio se construyó un argumento con una mayor articulación de ideas, mientras queen el último episodio encontramos distintas ideas que se hallan meramente yuxtapuestas construyendo argumentos en paralelo. Concluimos que la calidad del diálogo en el aula es alta cuando los participantes logran articular ideas que interactúan haciendo referencia al resto de ideas en el proceso de construcción de signifcados.

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Sóñora, F., Sesto, V., & García-Rodeja, I. (2025) Ninth-grade students’ interactions and co-construction of arguments during a teaching unit on soil science. Cultural Studies of Sciences Education. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11422-025-10248-4DOI: 10.1007/s11422-025-10248-4

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Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. Funding was provided by Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (Grant No. EDU2015-66643-C2-2-P). (PID2022-137010OB-I00 RESEARCH PROJECT, FUNDED BY MCIN/ AEI/10.13039/501100011033/FEDER, UE)

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© The Author(s) 2025. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Attribution 4.0 International