Covid Effects on Sales, Size, and Industry in the Minho Border Area

Abstract

This paper analyses the effect that the COVID pandemic had on border areas due to international border closures, specifically on the ‘Galician wet border’ of the international Spanish-Portuguese border. This research focuses on how the pandemic affects sales, and the factors that condition sales in border areas. The results show that, although COVID had a significant impact on sales in all the municipalities analysed, there are no significant differences between border and non-border municipalities. They also suggest that in the case of pandemics, the industrial organisation theory offers a better paradigm for action than the resource-based view theory.