Actualización de la aplicación de la farmacogenómica en psicofarmacología
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La enfermedad psiquiátrica es la suma de predisposición genética, factores epigenéticos y estresores biológicos y psicológicos. Dichos factores se manifiestan en determinados clusters de síntomas o síndromes dentro de un espectro de enfermedad específico. La farmacogenómica trata de interpretar estos patrones de herencia, identificando los genes responsables y tratando de averiguar cómo regulan las distintas dianas terapéuticas.
Entre las diversas aplicaciones de la farmacogenómica en la psiquiatría destaca el desarrollo de psicofármacos y su monitorización, basándose en el estudio de complejos enzimáticos citocromosomales CYP450. Mediante el análisis del fenotipo metabolizador del paciente, clasificándolos en categorías, se puede ajustar la dosificación del fármaco en función de las necesidades terapéuticas.
El uso de test farmacogenéticos en psicofármacos metabolizados por citocromos CYP2D6 y CYP2C19, como son los antipsicóticos atípicos, ayudaría a predecir la aparición de efectos adversos por sobredosificación y ajustar las terapias individualmente.
Psychiatric illness is the sum of genetic predisposition, epigenetic factors, and biological and psychological stressors. These factors are manifested in certain symptom clusters or syndromes within a specific disease spectrum. Pharmacogenomics tries to interpret these inheritance patterns, identifying the responsible genes and trying to find out how they regulate different therapeutic targets. Among the various applications of pharmacogenomics in psychiatry, the development of drugs and their monitoring stands out, based on the study of CYP450 cytochromosomal enzyme complexes. By analyzing the metabolizing phenotype of the patient, classifying them into categories, the dosage of the drug can be adjusted according to the needs of the patient. The use of pharmacogenetic tests in psychiatric drugs metabolized by cytochromes CYP2D6 and CYP2C19, such as atypical antipsychotics, would help to predict the appearance of adverse effects due to overdose and adjust the therapies individually.
Psychiatric illness is the sum of genetic predisposition, epigenetic factors, and biological and psychological stressors. These factors are manifested in certain symptom clusters or syndromes within a specific disease spectrum. Pharmacogenomics tries to interpret these inheritance patterns, identifying the responsible genes and trying to find out how they regulate different therapeutic targets. Among the various applications of pharmacogenomics in psychiatry, the development of drugs and their monitoring stands out, based on the study of CYP450 cytochromosomal enzyme complexes. By analyzing the metabolizing phenotype of the patient, classifying them into categories, the dosage of the drug can be adjusted according to the needs of the patient. The use of pharmacogenetic tests in psychiatric drugs metabolized by cytochromes CYP2D6 and CYP2C19, such as atypical antipsychotics, would help to predict the appearance of adverse effects due to overdose and adjust the therapies individually.
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Traballo de Fin de Grao. Curso 2019-2020.
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