Discurso antirreligioso y libertad de expresión: La tutela penal de los sentimientos religiosos
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Abstract
El derecho a la libertad de expresión ofrece una mayor cobertura al mensaje de carácter político que al antirreligioso, o irreverente u ofensivo con la religión. Así se desprende, sin una sólida fundamentación, de la jurisprudencia del TEDH, por lo demás bastante vacilante al respecto. La tipificación del delito de escarnio de las creencias para ofender los sentimientos religiosos (art. 525 CP) ilustra esa distinta protección según la conducta expresiva se refiera, en términos generales, a ideas o a creencias. Se trata de un tipo penal vacío, cuyas conductas típicas guardan relación con el delito de blasfemia y los delitos de odio religioso, y cuyo bien jurídico protegido no alcanza relevancia constitucional. En consecuencia, su derogación no causaría lagunas de punibilidad y, en cambio, su vigencia arroja dudas de constitucionalidad.
The right to freedom of speech provides greater cover for messages of a political nature than for anti-religious, irreverent or religiously offensive messages. This is what emerges, without a solid foundation, from the case law of the ECHR, which is otherwise rather hesitant in this respect. The criminalisation of the offence of mockery of beliefs to offend religious feelings (Art. 525 CP) illustrates this different protection depending on whether the expressive conduct refers, in general terms, to ideas or to beliefs. It is an empty criminal offence, whose typical conducts are related to the crime of blasphemy and religious hate crimes, and whose protected legal right is not of constitutional relevance. Consequently, its repeal would not cause punishability loopholes and, on the other hand, its validity raises doubts as to its constitutionality.
The right to freedom of speech provides greater cover for messages of a political nature than for anti-religious, irreverent or religiously offensive messages. This is what emerges, without a solid foundation, from the case law of the ECHR, which is otherwise rather hesitant in this respect. The criminalisation of the offence of mockery of beliefs to offend religious feelings (Art. 525 CP) illustrates this different protection depending on whether the expressive conduct refers, in general terms, to ideas or to beliefs. It is an empty criminal offence, whose typical conducts are related to the crime of blasphemy and religious hate crimes, and whose protected legal right is not of constitutional relevance. Consequently, its repeal would not cause punishability loopholes and, on the other hand, its validity raises doubts as to its constitutionality.
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Libertad de expresión| Sentimientos religiosos| Libertad religiosa| Dignidad| Derecho al honor| Delito de escarnio| Delito de blasfemia| Delitos de odio religioso| Freedom of speech| Religious feelings| Religious freedom| Dignity| Right to honour| Offence of scorn| Offence of blasphemy| Religious hate crimes
Bibliographic citation
Sanjurjo Rivo, V. A. (2023). Discurso antirreligioso y libertad de expresión: la tutela penal de los sentimientos religiosos. "Teoría y Realidad Constitucional", núm. 51, 385-415.
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https://doi.org/10.5944/trc.51.2023.37514Sponsors
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Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International








