Implicación del óxido nítrico en la patogénesis de la enfermedad de Alzheimer
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La enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) es una de las demencias neurodegenerativas primarias más
prevalentes. Distintas hipótesis intentan explicar los mecanismos moleculares que conducen a
esta patología. Una de las hipótesis más recientes plantea la disfunción de la barrera
hematoencefálica (BHE) y la disminución del flujo sanguíneo cerebral (CBF), mediadas por la
alteración de la microvasculatura cerebral, como responsables de su desarrollo. La disfunción a
nivel endotelial se presenta como una disminución en la biodisponibilidad de óxido nítrico
endotelial (NOe). El óxido nítrico (NO) está implicado en la función cardiovascular, neuronal e
inmunitaria por lo que la vía de señalización NO/GMPc podría ser el punto de unión entre las
alteraciones vasculares y la EA. Algunas alteraciones vasculares a nivel endotelial, como el estrés
oxidativo y la disfunción mitocondrial, la hipoperfusión/hipoxia o la inflamación, modifican los
niveles de NOe y se asocian con la neurodegeneración. La función neuroprotectora del NOe
señala a la vía NO/GMPc como una posibilidad terapéutica en la prevención y tratamiento de la
EA.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most prevalent primary neurodegenerative dementias. Different hypotheses attempt to explain the molecular mechanisms that lead to this pathology. One of the most recent hypotheses raises the dysfunction of the blood brain barrier (BBB) and the decrease in cerebral blood flow (CBF) mediated by the alteration of brain microvasculature, as responsible for its development. Endothelial dysfunction occurs as a decrease in the bioavailability of endothelial nitric oxide (NOe). Nitric oxide (NO) is involved in cardiovascular, neuronal and immune function so the NO/GMPc signaling pathway could be the point of binding between vascular alterations and AD. Some vascular alterations at the endothelial level, such as oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, hypoperfusion/hypoxia or inflammation, modify NOe levels and are associated with neurodegeneration. The neuroprotective function of NOe points to the NO/GMPc pathway as a therapeutic possibility in the prevention and treatment of AD
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most prevalent primary neurodegenerative dementias. Different hypotheses attempt to explain the molecular mechanisms that lead to this pathology. One of the most recent hypotheses raises the dysfunction of the blood brain barrier (BBB) and the decrease in cerebral blood flow (CBF) mediated by the alteration of brain microvasculature, as responsible for its development. Endothelial dysfunction occurs as a decrease in the bioavailability of endothelial nitric oxide (NOe). Nitric oxide (NO) is involved in cardiovascular, neuronal and immune function so the NO/GMPc signaling pathway could be the point of binding between vascular alterations and AD. Some vascular alterations at the endothelial level, such as oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, hypoperfusion/hypoxia or inflammation, modify NOe levels and are associated with neurodegeneration. The neuroprotective function of NOe points to the NO/GMPc pathway as a therapeutic possibility in the prevention and treatment of AD
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Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacional







