Modelos estocásticos de epidemias
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[ES] Las enfermedades infecciosas han sido una gran amenaza para la humanidad a lo largo
de la historia. Durante siglos su propagación fue totalmente un misterio, ya que se desconocían sus causas biológicas y sus mecanismos de contagio. En este trabajo intentaremos
desarrollar de manera introductoria los distintos modelos matemáticos que son capaces de
explicar la evolución de un proceso epidémico. Este tipo de procesos están caracterizados
por la aparición de una enfermedad infecciosa que se transmite, de manera general y aleatoria, entre los individuos de una determinada población. Además, cabe destacar que los
modelos que estudiaremos a lo largo de este trabajo van a estar relacionados con enfermedades provocadas por un ’mecanismo contagioso’ (virus o bacterias), por lo que es
necesario que la propagación de la enfermedad se produzca mediante un contacto estrecho
entre los individuos de la población.
[EN] Infectious diseases have been a great threat for humanity along history. For centuries, their spread was a complete mistery, due to the fact that their biological causes and contagion mechanisms were unknown. In this thesis, the different mathematical models that are able to explain the evolution in an epidemic process will tried to be developed in an introductory way. That type of processes are characterised by the appearance of an infectious illness which is transmitted, in a general manner and randomly, among the individuals of a particular population. Moreover, it is also worth emphasising that the models which will be studied along this thesis are going to be related to the diseases induced by the ’contagious mechanisms’ (virus or bacteria); therefore, it is necessary that the disease spread is caused by a close contact among individuals in a population.
[EN] Infectious diseases have been a great threat for humanity along history. For centuries, their spread was a complete mistery, due to the fact that their biological causes and contagion mechanisms were unknown. In this thesis, the different mathematical models that are able to explain the evolution in an epidemic process will tried to be developed in an introductory way. That type of processes are characterised by the appearance of an infectious illness which is transmitted, in a general manner and randomly, among the individuals of a particular population. Moreover, it is also worth emphasising that the models which will be studied along this thesis are going to be related to the diseases induced by the ’contagious mechanisms’ (virus or bacteria); therefore, it is necessary that the disease spread is caused by a close contact among individuals in a population.
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Traballo Fin de Grao en Matemáticas. Curso 2020-2021
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