Una aproximación biofísica a la industrialización de la agricultura española desde la historia aplicada
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Sociedad Latinoamericana y Caribeña de Historia Ambiental
Abstract
Este artículo da a conocer los resultados de dos investigaciones realizadas durante varios años sobre la evolución de la agricultura española y el cambio experimentado hacia un modelo de agricultura industrializada. La primera investigación trató de analizar los cambios habidos desde inicios del siglo XX desde un punto de vista biofísico, empleando la metodología del metabolismo social aplicada a las especificidades de la agricultura y un enfoque propiamente agroecológico. La segunda investigación, que trataba de conocer aspectos de esa evolución que las fuentes históricas no proporcionan, ha consistido en un experimento de campo de varios años de duración en el que se ha comparado el comportamiento de variedades tradicionales de trigo con otras modernas. Los hallazgos de ambas investigación cuestionan que el proceso de industrialización y la consiguiente aplicación de las tecnologías de la Revolución Verde dieran lugar a un importante incremento de los rendimientos por unidad de superficie de los principales cultivos. El aumento del volumen de la producción se asocia a cambios en la morfología de las plantas cultivadas y a la concentración de las tierras más fértiles, y no tanto al incremento de la productividad primaria neta de dichas plantas. Los resultados del experimento de campo confirman esos resultados y muestran que los cultivares tradicionales no eran menos productivos que los modernos si se considera toda la planta y que, por tanto, no es posible comparar los rendimientos del cultivo, en este caso del trigo, atendiendo sólo al grano producido. Estos resultados deberían cuestionar el relato positivo que sigue predominando en la historiografía sobre la industrialización de la agricultura.
This paper presents the findings of two research studies carried out over several years on the evolution of Spanish agriculture and the change it has undergone towards an industrialized agricultural model. The first research project attempted to analyze the changes that have taken place since the beginning of the 20th century from a biophysical point of view, using the methodology of social metabolism applied to the specificity of agriculture and an agroecological approach. The second research, which sought to understand aspects of this evolution that historical sources do not provide, consisted of a field experiment lasting several years in which the performance of traditional wheat varieties was compared with modern ones. The findings of both investigations question whether the process of industrialization and the consequent application of Green Revolution technologies led to a significant increase in the yields per unit area of the main crops. The increase in the volume of food production is associated with changes in the morphology of cultivated plants and the concentration of the most fertile land, rather than with an increase in the net primary productivity of these plants. The results of the field experiment confirm these conclusions and show that traditional cultivars were no less productive than modern ones when the whole plant is considered and that it is therefore not possible to compare crop yields, in this case of wheat, on the basis of the grain produced alone. These results should call into question the positive narrative that still prevails in historiography about the industrialization of agriculture.
This paper presents the findings of two research studies carried out over several years on the evolution of Spanish agriculture and the change it has undergone towards an industrialized agricultural model. The first research project attempted to analyze the changes that have taken place since the beginning of the 20th century from a biophysical point of view, using the methodology of social metabolism applied to the specificity of agriculture and an agroecological approach. The second research, which sought to understand aspects of this evolution that historical sources do not provide, consisted of a field experiment lasting several years in which the performance of traditional wheat varieties was compared with modern ones. The findings of both investigations question whether the process of industrialization and the consequent application of Green Revolution technologies led to a significant increase in the yields per unit area of the main crops. The increase in the volume of food production is associated with changes in the morphology of cultivated plants and the concentration of the most fertile land, rather than with an increase in the net primary productivity of these plants. The results of the field experiment confirm these conclusions and show that traditional cultivars were no less productive than modern ones when the whole plant is considered and that it is therefore not possible to compare crop yields, in this case of wheat, on the basis of the grain produced alone. These results should call into question the positive narrative that still prevails in historiography about the industrialization of agriculture.
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Molina, M. G. de, Casado, G. G., Fernández, D. S., Amate, J. I., & Gallego, G. C. (2021). Una Aproximación Biofísica a la Industrialización de la Agricultura Española desde la Historia Aplicada. Historia Ambiental Latinoamericana Y Caribeña (HALAC) Revista De La Solcha, 11(2), 19–42. https://doi.org/10.32991/2237-2717.2021v11i2.p19-42
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https://doi.org/10.32991/2237-2717.2021V11I2.P19-42Sponsors
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The HALAC Magazine follows the legal precepts of the Creative Commons - Attribution-Non-Commercial 4.0 International license.
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