As matemáticas do cubo de Rubik
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[GL] Neste traballo imos introducir a matemática necesaria para entender como o cubo de
Rubik opera como un grupo e construír este explicitamente. Para isto, incluímos os conceptos básicos de grupos e subgrupos, os tipos de grupos máis relevantes para o traballo
(cíclicos e simétricos) e os produtos de grupos (directo, semidirecto e coroa). Finalmente,
describimos o grupo do cubo de Rubik, tanto os movementos das súas pezas como as posicións e orientacións posibles da totalidade do cubo, grazas a dous teoremas fundamentais.
Estes permítennos, á súa vez, dar unha solución (das moitas que existen) que describiremos
no final da memoria. Tamén expoñemos os conceptos matemáticos detrás da solución.
[EN] In this work we introduce the mathematics needed to understand how the Rubik’s cube operates as a group and construct it explicitly. For this we include the basic concepts of groups and subgroups, the most relevant types of groups for the work (cyclic and symmetric) and the products of groups (direct, semi-direct and wreath). Finally, we describe the Rubik’s cube group, both the movements of its pieces as well as the possible positions and orientations of the whole cube, thanks to two fundamental theorems. These also allow us to give a solution (of the many that exist) that we will describe at the end of the memory. The memory is completed by showing the mathematical concepts behind the solution.
[EN] In this work we introduce the mathematics needed to understand how the Rubik’s cube operates as a group and construct it explicitly. For this we include the basic concepts of groups and subgroups, the most relevant types of groups for the work (cyclic and symmetric) and the products of groups (direct, semi-direct and wreath). Finally, we describe the Rubik’s cube group, both the movements of its pieces as well as the possible positions and orientations of the whole cube, thanks to two fundamental theorems. These also allow us to give a solution (of the many that exist) that we will describe at the end of the memory. The memory is completed by showing the mathematical concepts behind the solution.
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Traballo Fin de Grao en Matemáticas. Curso 2020-2021
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