Relixión e comunicación: do sentimento de comunidade á comunidade de sentimentos

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Segundo unha das posibles interpretacións, a orixe etimolóxica do termo “relixión” provén do verbo latino religare, traducible como “reunir”. Deste modo, a relixión consistiría na recuperación dunha unión sagrada que tivera sido “perdida”. Con todo, os distintos enfoques dende os que se ten estudado este fenómeno constitúen, na súa maioría, puntos de vista reducionistas ou esencialistas. Por este motivo defendemos, partindo dunha perspectiva filosófico-antropolóxica, que a experiencia relixiosa consiste nunha experiencia singular de harmonía, comuñón, unión ou comunicación xenuína co Outro. En última instancia, este Outro —sexa concibido como “transcendente” ou próximo, deífico ou human — é sempre Absolutamente Outro, dado que excede a propia experiencia individual. Tal vínculo é encarnado nunha relación afectiva con outros semellantes con quen se crea comunidade. Con todo, esta última susténtase sobre un movemento paradoxal: o sentimento de pertenza —subxectivo e intransferible, reivindicado como propio— o cal une os individuos en comunidade abríndoos á posibilidade da experiencia relixiosa, en realidade, fúndase nunha ausencia —o común— que escapa a toda subxectividade e pretensión de obxectivación. Deste xeito, só na medida en que a comunidade e a experiencia relixiosa permanecen inenarrables poden existir, mais esta inefabilidade enfronta o desafío de manifestarse necesariamente en narrativas ritualizadas para manterse.
According to one possible interpretation, the etymological origin of the term religion lies in the Latin verb religare, meaning “to reunite.” In this view, religion would consist in the recovery of a sacred union that had once been “lost.” However, most approaches to the study of this phenomenon adopt either reductionist or essentialist perspectives. Against this background, the present work defends — from a philosophical- anthropological standpoint — that religious experience should be understood as a singular experience of harmony, communion, union, or genuine communication with the Other. Ultimately, this Other — whether conceived as “transcendent” or proximate, divine or human — is always an Absolutely Other, insofar as it exceeds individual experience. This bond is incarnated in an affective relationship with proximate others, through whom community is formed. Yet community itself rests upon a paradoxical dynamic: the feeling of belonging —subjective, claimed as one’s own — which unites individuals and opens them to the possibility of religious experience, is in fact grounded in an absence — the common —which escapes subjectivity and any claim to objectification. Thus, religious experience and community can only subsist insofar as they remain inexpressible; yet this inexpressibility must necessarily confront the challenge of being manifested in ritualized narratives to be sustained.

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Traballo de Fin de Máster en Máster Universitario en Filosofía: Coñecemento e Cidadanía . Curso 2024-2025

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Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International