La prevención de los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria en la adolescencia. Una revisión de la literatura y propuesta de intervención
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Los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (TCA) constituyen un importante problema de
salud pública, por lo que resulta fundamental desarrollar estrategias de prevención y
tratamiento desde edades tempranas. El presente trabajo pretende hacer una revisión
sistemática de los resultados de eficacia de los programas de prevención de los TCAs en
España desde el año 2010. Para ello se llevó a cabo una revisión bibliográfica en la que se
seleccionaron 8 estudios y tras analizar los resultados se concluye que: (1) las intervenciones
basadas en la alfabetización mediática han mostrado resultados positivos en la prevención
universal de los TCAs; (2) no hay resultados concluyentes sobre la influencia de la
alfabetización mediática sobre la satisfacción o la imagen corporales; (3) el conocimiento
nutricional no supone una mejora significativa de los resultados en los programas basados en
la alfabetización mediática; (4) no hay resultados concluyentes sobre al programa Theater
Alive en cuanto a si tiene un efecto protector específico sobre variables relacionadas con el
TCA o si tiene un efecto protector general sobre variables psicológicas relacionadas con
habilidades para la vida y la comunicación. En general, se concluye que el abordaje
preventivo es útil y eficaz para evitar el desarrollo de TCAs en la adolescencia
Eating disorders (EDs) are a major public health problem, so it is essential to develop prevention and treatment strategies from an early age. This paper aims to conduct a systematic review of the results of the efficacy of ED prevention programmes in Spain since 2010. To this end, a literature review was carried out in which 8 studies were selected and after analysing the results it is concluded that: (1) interventions based on media literacy have shown positive results in the universal prevention of EDs; (2) there are no conclusive results on the influence of media literacy on body satisfaction or body image; (3) nutritional knowledge does not significantly improve outcomes in programmes based on media literacy; (4) there are no conclusive results on the Theater Alive program as to whether it has a specific protective effect on ED-related variables or whether it has a general protective effect on psychological variables related to life and communication skills. Overall, it is concluded that the preventive approach is useful and effective in preventing the development of ED in adolescence
Eating disorders (EDs) are a major public health problem, so it is essential to develop prevention and treatment strategies from an early age. This paper aims to conduct a systematic review of the results of the efficacy of ED prevention programmes in Spain since 2010. To this end, a literature review was carried out in which 8 studies were selected and after analysing the results it is concluded that: (1) interventions based on media literacy have shown positive results in the universal prevention of EDs; (2) there are no conclusive results on the influence of media literacy on body satisfaction or body image; (3) nutritional knowledge does not significantly improve outcomes in programmes based on media literacy; (4) there are no conclusive results on the Theater Alive program as to whether it has a specific protective effect on ED-related variables or whether it has a general protective effect on psychological variables related to life and communication skills. Overall, it is concluded that the preventive approach is useful and effective in preventing the development of ED in adolescence
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Traballo de Fin de Máster Universitario en Psicoloxía Xeral Sanitaria. Curso 2023/2024
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