Consideraciones para el diseño e implementación de las intervenciones para la cesación de consumo de tabaco, alcohol y cannabis en el embarazo. Un estudio cualitativo
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Elsevier
Abstract
Objetivo
Explorar la opinión de distintos actores clave, en relación con los requisitos que deberían cumplir las intervenciones de cesación de consumo de tabaco, alcohol y/o cannabis durante el embarazo para que puedan ser implementadas y resulten aceptables y útiles.
Diseño
Estudio cualitativo con aproximación fenomenológica.
Sitio
Se realizó en España en 2022.
Participantes
Gestores, profesionales sanitarios, embarazadas consumidoras de tabaco, alcohol y/o cannabis y sus parejas también consumidoras.
Métodos
Los datos se recogieron mediante grupos focales y entrevistas en profundidad, hasta alcanzar la saturación del discurso y se transcribieron de manera exacta. Se realizó un análisis exploratorio y codificación abierta inductiva, se fusionaron los códigos en categorías y se identificaron subcategorías.
Resultados
Se identificaron cuatro categorías y 18 subcategorías. Los resultados apuntan a que las intervenciones deberían de ser multicomponente. Entre las intervenciones más aceptadas por parte de las mujeres embarazadas y sus parejas, las consultas específicas de cesación, la información, el apoyo de un igual (aunque no precisan de qué manera) y los incentivos económicos. Entre otras opciones a considerar, la cooximetría, propuesta por gestores para obtener un registro objetivo.
Conclusiones
Se extrae que esta intervención debe realizarse a nivel de la atención prenatal realizada en atención primaria. Existen dudas respecto de la frecuencia, fin y seguimiento de esta intervención multicomponente, así como a la posibilidad de incorporar a las parejas
Objective To explore the opinion of different key stakeholders regarding the requirements that tobacco, alcohol and/or cannabis cessation interventions should meet to be implemented and to be acceptable and useful during pregnancy. Design A qualitative study with phenomenological approach. Site The study was conducted in Spain in 2022. Participants Decision makers, health professionals, pregnant women using tobacco, alcohol and/or cannabis and their partners who are also users. Methods Data were collected through focus groups and in-depth interviews, until discourse saturation was reached and accurately transcribed. Exploratory analysis and inductive open coding were conducted, codes were merged into categories and subcategories were identified. Results Four categories and 18 subcategories were identified. The results suggest that interventions should be multicomponent. Among the interventions most accepted by pregnant women and their partners were specific cessation consultations, information, peer support (although they did not specify how) and financial incentives. Among other options to consider, co-oximetry, proposed by managers to obtain an objective register. Conclusions The conclusion is that this intervention should be carried out at the level of prenatal care in primary care. There are doubts regarding the frequency, purpose, and follow-up of this multicomponent intervention, as well as the possibility of incorporating couples
Objective To explore the opinion of different key stakeholders regarding the requirements that tobacco, alcohol and/or cannabis cessation interventions should meet to be implemented and to be acceptable and useful during pregnancy. Design A qualitative study with phenomenological approach. Site The study was conducted in Spain in 2022. Participants Decision makers, health professionals, pregnant women using tobacco, alcohol and/or cannabis and their partners who are also users. Methods Data were collected through focus groups and in-depth interviews, until discourse saturation was reached and accurately transcribed. Exploratory analysis and inductive open coding were conducted, codes were merged into categories and subcategories were identified. Results Four categories and 18 subcategories were identified. The results suggest that interventions should be multicomponent. Among the interventions most accepted by pregnant women and their partners were specific cessation consultations, information, peer support (although they did not specify how) and financial incentives. Among other options to consider, co-oximetry, proposed by managers to obtain an objective register. Conclusions The conclusion is that this intervention should be carried out at the level of prenatal care in primary care. There are doubts regarding the frequency, purpose, and follow-up of this multicomponent intervention, as well as the possibility of incorporating couples
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Atención Primaria 55 (2023) 102732
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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aprim.2023.102732Sponsors
El estudio forma parte del proyecto TACABAL, financiado por la Delegación del Gobierno para el Plan Nacional de Drogas (2021I009)
Rights
© 2023 Los Autores. Publicado por Elsevier Espana, ˜ S.L.U. Este es un artículo Open Access bajo la licencia CC BY-NC-ND (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacional
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacional







