Black Resistance against Racist Wastification in James Baldwin’s Blues for Mister Charlie

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In Blues for Mister Charlie (1964), James Baldwin revisits the lynching of Emmett Till, considered the major catalyst for the origins of the Civil Rights Movement, in a play that shapes the figure of the fourteen-year-old Black youth into its twenty-three-year-old protagonist, Richard Henry. The scene of his killing opens a story that breaks with temporal linearity and, over the course of its three acts, conscientiously resorts to several flashbacks in order to explore the antecedents, perpetration, and aftereffects of the murder. Following Zygmunt Bauman’s theorizations in Wasted Lives, this article reads the design of segregation as a racial caste system that conceived of Black southerners as human waste. This theoretical framework helps to cast light on the mechanisms that white supremacists have historically made use of in their systemic subjugation of the African American community. Yet it also contributes to elucidating the strategies that Black activism has employed to counteract racism in the fight for racial justice and equality. The article concludes that the audience’s traumatic confrontation with Till’s dead body, the embodiment of the human waste of segregation in its crudest form, spurred resistance to the white supremacist status quo in the US South, triggering changes and transformations nationwide.
En Blues for Mister Charlie (1964), James Baldwin revisita el linchamiento de Emmett Till, considerado uno de los catalizadores principales del Movimiento por los derechos civiles, en una obra de teatro que moldea la figura del joven negro de catorce años en la de su protagonista de veintitrés años, Richard Henry. La escena de su asesinato inicia una obra que rompe con la linealidad temporal y, a lo largo de sus tres actos, recurre concienzudamente a varias analepsis para explorar los antecedentes, perpetración y secuelas del crimen. Siguiendo los postulados teóricos de Zygmunt Bauman en Wasted Lives, este artículo interpreta el diseño de la segregación como un sistema racial de castas que concebía a los sureños negros como residuos humanos. Este marco teórico ayuda a identificar los mecanismos que los supremacistas blancos han usado a lo largo de la historia en la subyugación sistémica de la comunidad afroamericana. A su vez, también contribuye a dilucidar las estrategias que el activismo negro ha empleado para contrarrestar el racismo en la lucha por la justicia racial y la igualdad. El artículo concluye que la confrontación traumática con el cadáver de Till, el residuo humano de la segregación en su faceta más cruda, espoleó la resistencia al status quo supremacista blanco en el sur de los EE. UU., desencadenando cambios y transformaciones a lo largo del país.

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Fernández Fernández, M. (2025). Black Resistance against Racist Wastification in James Baldwin’s Blues for Mister Charlie. Atlantis. Journal of the Spanish Association for Anglo-American Studies, 47(1), 19–35. https://doi.org/10.28914/Atlantis-2025-47.1.2

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Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación
Agencia Estatal de Investigación
Ministerio de Universidades
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