Optimización de la trazada óptima en un circuito
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[ES] Cada día, en el mundo del deporte del motor, ingenieros, matemáticos y físicos estudian
como sacar el máximo rendimiento a un automóvil de competición. En este trabajo
se estudiará, desde un punto de vista matemático, el cálculo de una vuelta rápida a un
circuito en un tiempo mínimo.
Inicialmente se planteará un problema de control óptimo, donde se calcularán las velocidades
y las aceleraciones idóneas de un automóvil sobre una trayectoria predefinida.
Para ello se verán diferentes conceptos teóricos relacionados con la optimización con restricciones
y el control óptimo de sistemas discretos.
Este cálculo de la velocidad óptima en una trazada dada se implementará en Matlab y
se mostrarán resultados numéricos para varios circuitos. Del estudio realizado se observará
la importancia de también optimizar la propia trazada que sigue el vehículo. En el último
capítulo se explicará brevemente cómo se podría abordar esta búsqueda de la trazada
óptima.
[EN] Everyday, in motorsport ambit, engineers, mathematicians and physicists study how to improve the performance of a competition car. In this report we will study, from a mathematical point of view, the minimum time vehicle manoeuvring problem. We will start by defining an optimal control problem, which will provide us the optimal speeds and accelerations over a fixed path. To reach our goal, we will study different theoretical concepts related with constrained optimization and optimal control of discrete systems. The calculus of the optimal speed for a given path will be implemented in Matlab and numerical results will be seen for different circuits. Once we computed the optimal speeds, we will note about the importance of updating the path for improving the fast lap. We will mention in the last chapter how to implement this update of the optimal path.
[EN] Everyday, in motorsport ambit, engineers, mathematicians and physicists study how to improve the performance of a competition car. In this report we will study, from a mathematical point of view, the minimum time vehicle manoeuvring problem. We will start by defining an optimal control problem, which will provide us the optimal speeds and accelerations over a fixed path. To reach our goal, we will study different theoretical concepts related with constrained optimization and optimal control of discrete systems. The calculus of the optimal speed for a given path will be implemented in Matlab and numerical results will be seen for different circuits. Once we computed the optimal speeds, we will note about the importance of updating the path for improving the fast lap. We will mention in the last chapter how to implement this update of the optimal path.
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Traballo Fin de Grao en Matemáticas. Curso 2020-2021
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