El impacto de los convenios de la OIT sobre retribución, tiempo de trabajo, seguridad y salud y terminación del contrato en el derecho español: puntos críticos
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Centro de Estudios Financieros - CEF
Abstract
Este estudio analiza el impacto de algunos de los más importantes convenios de la OIT sobre retribución, tiempo de trabajo, seguridad y salud y terminación del contrato en el ordenamiento laboral español. En general, las garantías previstas en los convenios y recomendaciones de la OIT son respetadas por nuestro Estatuto de los Trabajadores (ET) e, incluso, mejoradas en muchos aspectos. Así, en cuanto a los salarios, se observan las reglas que limitan el pago en especie o garantizan la libertad del trabajador de disponer de su retribución de la manera que estime conveniente, así como un sistema de salario mínimo justo o medidas de protección de los créditos laborales para su cobro preferente o a través de una institución de garantía. En cuanto al tiempo de trabajo, si bien el número de horas de jornada laboral en nuestro ET está por debajo del permitido por la OIT, otros aspectos son mejorables, como el de las horas extraordinarias voluntarias y su retribución sin recargo obligatorio. Por lo que se refiere al descanso mínimo semanal de 24 horas cada periodo de 7 días, fijado en los convenios de la OIT (y mejorado en medio día por el ET), cabe reflexionar sobre su dificultad de cumplimiento en determinados sectores profesionales (hostelería, comercio), tal y como denuncian los sindicatos. Por lo demás, nuestro ordenamiento cumple sobradamente con las prescripciones de la OIT en materia de seguridad y salud, lo que resulta discutible que se pueda asegurar con igual determinación en materia de seguridad en el empleo, especialmente en la defensa previa frente al despido de un trabajador ordinario.
This paper analyses the impact of some of the most important ILO conventions on pay, working time, safety and health and termination of the contract in the Spanish labour law. In general, the guarantees provided for in the ILO conventions and recommendations are respected by our Worker’s Statue (WS) and even improved in many aspects. Thus, regarding salaries, the rules limiting payment in kind or guaranteeing the worker’s freedom to dispose of his remuneration in the manner he deems appropriate, as well as a fair minimum wage system or measures to protect labour credits for preferential collection or through a guarantee institution are observed. Regarding working time, although the number of working hours in our WS is below that allowed by the ILO, other aspects can be improved, such as voluntary overtime and its compensation without mandatory surcharge. As regards the minimum weekly rest of twenty-four hours each seven-day period, fixed in the ILO conventions (and improved by the WS in half a day), it is worth reflecting on its difficulty of compliance in certain professional sectors (hostelry, trade), as the trade unions denounce. For the rest, our legal framework more than meets the requirements of the ILO in terms of safety and health, which is arguable that it can be ensured with equal determination in terms of job security, especially in the previous defence of an ordinary employee against the disciplinary dismissal.
This paper analyses the impact of some of the most important ILO conventions on pay, working time, safety and health and termination of the contract in the Spanish labour law. In general, the guarantees provided for in the ILO conventions and recommendations are respected by our Worker’s Statue (WS) and even improved in many aspects. Thus, regarding salaries, the rules limiting payment in kind or guaranteeing the worker’s freedom to dispose of his remuneration in the manner he deems appropriate, as well as a fair minimum wage system or measures to protect labour credits for preferential collection or through a guarantee institution are observed. Regarding working time, although the number of working hours in our WS is below that allowed by the ILO, other aspects can be improved, such as voluntary overtime and its compensation without mandatory surcharge. As regards the minimum weekly rest of twenty-four hours each seven-day period, fixed in the ILO conventions (and improved by the WS in half a day), it is worth reflecting on its difficulty of compliance in certain professional sectors (hostelry, trade), as the trade unions denounce. For the rest, our legal framework more than meets the requirements of the ILO in terms of safety and health, which is arguable that it can be ensured with equal determination in terms of job security, especially in the previous defence of an ordinary employee against the disciplinary dismissal.
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Mella Méndez, L. (2019). El impacto de los convenios de la OIT sobre retribución, tiempo de trabajo, seguridad y salud y terminación del contrato en el derecho español: puntos críticos. Revista De Trabajo Y Seguridad Social. CEF, (434), 57–95
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https://doi.org/10.51302/rtss.2019.1312Sponsors
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Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacional








