Los retos de la prevención de riesgos laborales ante la digitalización de la empresa y las nuevas formas de trabajo: puntos críticos
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Thomson Reuters Aranzadi
Abstract
En este estudio se reflexiona sobre la necesidad de adaptar el sistema de prevención de riesgos laborales de la empresa a la evolución de la técnica, que introduce novedosas herramientas tecnológicas y facilita la aparición de nuevas formas de trabajo flexibles. Así, la introducción de máquinas avanzadas, como la robótica colaborativa, destaca la importancia de actualizar la normativa de prevención de riesgos teniendo en cuenta las normas técnicas internacionales (como las normas ISO) y el principio de precaución o cautela, en orden a adoptar medidas de protección y evitar posibles riesgos futuros. Otro tema importante es la prevención de riesgos laborales de los trabajadores que prestan servicios en las plataformas digitales a demanda; en este punto, el nivel de protección está directamente relacionado con la calificación jurídica del vínculo contractual de las partes. Si el trabajador es considerado por cuenta ajena, se aplica la normativa laboral (LPRL); si lo es por cuenta propia, hay que ver las reglas del Estatuto del trabajo autónomo. En cualquier caso, esa normativa presenta dificultades de aplicación (por ejemplo, inexistencia de centro de trabajo físico), por lo que se requiere una interpretación flexible de la misma para proteger al trabajador.
This study reflects on the need to adapt the company’s occupational risk prevention system to the evolution of the technological advancement, which introduces innovative technological tools and facilitates the emergence of new flexible forms of work. Thus, the introduction of advanced machines, such as collaborative robotics, highlights the importance of updating risk prevention regulations taking into account international technical standards (such as ISO standards) and the precautionary principle, in order to adopt measures of protection and avoid possible future risks. Another important issue is the prevention of occupational hazards of workers who provide services on digital platforms on demand. At this point, the level of protection is directly related to the legal qualification of the contractual link of the parties. If the worker is considered an employed person, the labour regulations (Law on prevention of labour risks) is applied; if he is qualified as self-employed person, we must see the rules of the Statute of self-employed work. In any case, this regulation presents difficulties of application (for example, lack of physical work center), so a flexible interpretation of it is required to protect the worker.
This study reflects on the need to adapt the company’s occupational risk prevention system to the evolution of the technological advancement, which introduces innovative technological tools and facilitates the emergence of new flexible forms of work. Thus, the introduction of advanced machines, such as collaborative robotics, highlights the importance of updating risk prevention regulations taking into account international technical standards (such as ISO standards) and the precautionary principle, in order to adopt measures of protection and avoid possible future risks. Another important issue is the prevention of occupational hazards of workers who provide services on digital platforms on demand. At this point, the level of protection is directly related to the legal qualification of the contractual link of the parties. If the worker is considered an employed person, the labour regulations (Law on prevention of labour risks) is applied; if he is qualified as self-employed person, we must see the rules of the Statute of self-employed work. In any case, this regulation presents difficulties of application (for example, lack of physical work center), so a flexible interpretation of it is required to protect the worker.
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Mella Méndez, L. (2020). Los retos de la prevención de riesgos laborales ante la digitalización de la empresa y las nuevas formas de trabajo: puntos críticos. Revista Española de Derecho del Trabajo, 229, pp. 69-105
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Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacional








