Técnicas de refuerzo vertebral (vertebroplastia y cifoplastia) en el tratamiento del dolor provocado por patología vertebral tumoral: revisión sistemática
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Tipo de estudio: Revisión sistemática.
Justificación: La columna vertebral es el lugar de asentamiento más frecuente de las metástasis óseas. Debido al incremento de la esperanza de vida de los pacientes oncológicos, el tratamiento del dolor y las diferentes comorbilidades asociadas a la afectación raquídea del tumor se han convertido en una prioridad en su manejo. La vertebroplastia y la cifoplastia son técnicas quirúrgicas mínimamente invasivas que reducen el dolor y mejoran la calidad de vida de estos pacientes con bajo riesgo de complicaciones y una breve recuperación. Sin embargo, existe escasa evidencia científica de cuál es la técnica de elección para la enfermedad tumoral de la columna vertebral.
Objetivo: El objetivo de esta revisión es valorar cuál de los procedimientos quirúrgicos existentes en la actualidad (vertebroplastia vs cifoplastia) representa la mejor opción en el manejo del dolor asociado a patología vertebral tumoral (metástasis óseas, mieloma múltiple,…), basándose en la evidencia existente en la literatura.
Métodos: Se llevó a cabo una revisión sistemática exploratoria o de alcance (scoping review) sobre la evidencia científica generada en relación con la pregunta del estudio (pregunta PICO). Mediante descriptores estandarizados y texto libre se elaboró una estrategia de búsqueda primaria que incluyó las bases de datos Embase, PubMed y Cochrane. De forma adicional se realizó una búsqueda manual inversa de citas bibliográficas. La revisión de datos y análisis de los resultados se llevó a cabo por dos revisores de forma independiente a través de las plantillas de lectura crítica del programa FLC 3.0 con exposición narrativa de los resultados según los criterios de evaluación del Instituto Joana Briggs (JBI) y diagrama de flujo PRISMA. Resultados: De una selección de 438 artículos iniciales, fueron finalmente elegibles 8 estudios que cumplían criterios para su revisión (7 estudios de cohortes retrospectivos y 1 prospectivo). Se evaluaron 685 pacientes tratados con vertebroplastia, 289 con cifoplastia y 79 con ambas. 4 estudios evaluaron pacientes con mieloma, 2 con metástasis vertebrales y 2 con cualquier patología maligna. Ningún trabajo encontró diferencias significativas entre ambos procedimientos en la mejoría del dolor o la capacidad funcional en el postoperatorio inmediato y al mes. Un estudio encontró diferencias a favor de la cifoplastia a los 6 meses y al año. Conclusiones: En base a los hallazgos actuales no es posible realizar una recomendación concluyente sobre qué tipo de técnica de refuerzo vertebral es superior en el tratamiento de patología vertebral maligna. Por ello, son necesarios más estudios de calidad que aporten evidencias y recomendaciones más sostenibles para establecer qué cirugía es más adecuada en estos pacientes
Study design: Systematic review. Justification: The spine is the most common site of settlement for bone metastases. With the increase in life expectancy of cancer patients, the treatment of pain and the different associated comorbidities has become a priority in its management. Vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty are minimally invasive surgical techniques that reduce pain and improve the quality of life of these patients with a low risk of complications and a short recovery. However, little evidence has been produced on which technique is best for fractures caused by bone metastatic disease. Objective: The objective of this review is to evaluate which surgical procedure represents a better option in the management of pain associated with pathological fractures due to bone metastases in the spine, vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty, based on the evidence in the literature. Methods: An exploratory or scoping systematic review of the scientific evidence in relation to the study question (PICO question) was carried out. Using standardized descriptors and free text, a primary search strategy was developed that included the Embase, PubMed, and Cochrane databases. Additionally, a reverse manual search of bibliographic citations was performed. The review of data and analysis of the results was carried out by two reviewers independently through the critical reading templates of the FLC 3.0 program with a narrative presentation of the results according to the evaluation criteria of the Joana Briggs Institute (JBI) and diagram of PRISM flow. Results: From a selection of 438 initial articles, 8 studies that met the criteria were finally eligible for review (7 retrospective and 1 prospective cohort study). 685 patients treated with vertebroplasty were evaluated, 289 with kyphoplasty and 79 with both. 4 studies evaluated patients with myeloma, 2 with spinal metastases and 2 with any malignant pathology. No study found significant differences between both procedures in the improvement of pain or functional capacity in the immediate postoperative period and at one month. One study found differences in favor of kyphoplasty at 6 months and 1 year. Conclusions: Based on the current findings, it is not possible to make a conclusive recommendation as to which type of spinal augmentation technique is superior in the treatment of malignant spinal pathology. Therefore, more quality studies are needed to provide more sustainable evidence and recommendations to establish which surgery is most appropriate in these patients
Study design: Systematic review. Justification: The spine is the most common site of settlement for bone metastases. With the increase in life expectancy of cancer patients, the treatment of pain and the different associated comorbidities has become a priority in its management. Vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty are minimally invasive surgical techniques that reduce pain and improve the quality of life of these patients with a low risk of complications and a short recovery. However, little evidence has been produced on which technique is best for fractures caused by bone metastatic disease. Objective: The objective of this review is to evaluate which surgical procedure represents a better option in the management of pain associated with pathological fractures due to bone metastases in the spine, vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty, based on the evidence in the literature. Methods: An exploratory or scoping systematic review of the scientific evidence in relation to the study question (PICO question) was carried out. Using standardized descriptors and free text, a primary search strategy was developed that included the Embase, PubMed, and Cochrane databases. Additionally, a reverse manual search of bibliographic citations was performed. The review of data and analysis of the results was carried out by two reviewers independently through the critical reading templates of the FLC 3.0 program with a narrative presentation of the results according to the evaluation criteria of the Joana Briggs Institute (JBI) and diagram of PRISM flow. Results: From a selection of 438 initial articles, 8 studies that met the criteria were finally eligible for review (7 retrospective and 1 prospective cohort study). 685 patients treated with vertebroplasty were evaluated, 289 with kyphoplasty and 79 with both. 4 studies evaluated patients with myeloma, 2 with spinal metastases and 2 with any malignant pathology. No study found significant differences between both procedures in the improvement of pain or functional capacity in the immediate postoperative period and at one month. One study found differences in favor of kyphoplasty at 6 months and 1 year. Conclusions: Based on the current findings, it is not possible to make a conclusive recommendation as to which type of spinal augmentation technique is superior in the treatment of malignant spinal pathology. Therefore, more quality studies are needed to provide more sustainable evidence and recommendations to establish which surgery is most appropriate in these patients
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Traballo Fin de Grao en Medicina. Curso 2021-2022
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