Descomposición primaria de ideales
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[ES] En este trabajo trataremos en profundidad la idea de descomposición primaria de un ideal en un anillo Noetheriano, probando la existencia de la misma, dando ejemplos, y aplicaciones en geometría.
En primer lugar, recordaremos conceptos básicos de ideales, y distintos tipos de estos, así como propiedades de los mismos. Luego demostraremos paso a paso la existencia de una descomposición primaria de un ideal en un anillo Noetheriano, y, como consecuencia, obtendremos una descomposición primaria minimal. Hablaremos también de la unicidad de estas descomposiciones y aclararemos todas estas ideas con ejemplos.
Por último, veremos la relación entre ideales y variedades estableciendo el diccionario álgebra–geometría, y traduciremos esta descomposición primaria a la geometría, viendo así una aplicación de la misma. Terminaremos el trabajo exponiendo ejemplos de cómo podemos hacer cálculos efectivos de la descomposición primaria de un ideal en el anillo de polinomios usando el software SageMath.
[EN] In this work, we will deal in depth with the idea of the primary decomposition of an ideal in a Noetherian ring, proving the existence of this one and giving examples and applications in geometry. First of all, we shall recall some basic notions of ideals and different types of them and some of their properties. After this, we will prove step by step the existence of a primary decomposition of an ideal in a Noetherian ring and, consequently, we will obtain a minimal primary decomposition. We will also talk about the uniqueness of these decompositions, and we will clear up all these ideas by giving examples. Finally, we will see the relationship among ideals and varieties by establishing the algebra–geometry dictionary, and we will translate this primary decomposition to geometry, going over one of its applications. We will end the work by showing examples of how we can make effective calculus of primary decomposition of an ideal in the polynomial ring using SageMath software.
[EN] In this work, we will deal in depth with the idea of the primary decomposition of an ideal in a Noetherian ring, proving the existence of this one and giving examples and applications in geometry. First of all, we shall recall some basic notions of ideals and different types of them and some of their properties. After this, we will prove step by step the existence of a primary decomposition of an ideal in a Noetherian ring and, consequently, we will obtain a minimal primary decomposition. We will also talk about the uniqueness of these decompositions, and we will clear up all these ideas by giving examples. Finally, we will see the relationship among ideals and varieties by establishing the algebra–geometry dictionary, and we will translate this primary decomposition to geometry, going over one of its applications. We will end the work by showing examples of how we can make effective calculus of primary decomposition of an ideal in the polynomial ring using SageMath software.
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Traballo Fin de Grao en Matemáticas. Curso 2020-2021
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