Síndrome de burnout en deportistas
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[ES] El término burnout en el ámbito deportivo se define como un síndrome caracterizado por un gran agotamiento físico y emocional, una reducción del sentido de logro y la desvalorización de la práctica deportiva. En este estudio, se pretende averiguar la incidencia que variables como la presión y exigencia del entrenador, presión de los padres, miedo a ser juzgados y dificultad en compaginar su vida académica y deportiva tienen sobre el burnout en deportistas. Para ello, hemos contado con una muestra de 190 deportistas, 64,2% hombres y 35,8% mujeres pertenecientes a distintas categorias de competición (local, gallega y nacional). Para la recogida de datos hemos utilizado la adaptación española del cuestionario ABQ (Athlete Burnout Questionnaire) desarrollado por Raedeke, elaborada por la Unidad de Psicología Deportiva y Apoyo a la Investigación (USC). Una vez comprobado que el ABQ mantiene la estructura factorial del cuestionario original y que la fiabilidad de las subescalas que lo componen es adecuada, los resultados obtenidos ponen de manifiesto que (1) el nivel de burnout de los deportistas difiere en función de la categoría competitiva a la que pertenecen, siendo estas diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las categorías local y nacional, (2) existe una relación significativa entre burnout y las variables objeto de estudio y (3) los deportistas con un mayor nivel de burnout muestran puntuaciones significativamente más altas en: presión del entrenador, presión de los padres, miedo a ser juzgados y dificultad en compaginar su vida académica y el deporte que los que presentan bajo burnout.
[EN] Burnout in sport is defined as a syndrome characterized by a great physical and emotional exhaustion, a reduced sense of achievement and sport devaluation. In this study, we intend to find out the incidence that variables such as coach’s pressure and demands, parent’s pressure, fear of being judged and finding difficult to combine their academic and sport life have in athlete’s burnout. For this purpose, we have a sample with 190 athletes, 64.2% men and 35.8% women that belongs to different categories of competition (local, Galician, and national). We used the Spanish adaptation of the questionnaire ABQ (Athlete Burnout Questionnaire) developed by Raedeke, elaborated by the Unit of Psychology Sports and Support to Research (USC) to collect the data. After checking that the ABQ maintains the factor’s structure from the original questionnaire and that the reliability of its subscales is suitable, the results shows that (1) the level of burnout in athletes differs depending on the competitive category athlete’s belong, getting statistically significant differences between the local and national categories, (2) there is a significant relationship between burnout and the variables object of study and (3) athletes with a higher level of burnout get significantly higher scores in: coach’s pressure, parent’s pressure, fear of being judge and difficulty in combining their academic and sport life than those with low burnout.
[EN] Burnout in sport is defined as a syndrome characterized by a great physical and emotional exhaustion, a reduced sense of achievement and sport devaluation. In this study, we intend to find out the incidence that variables such as coach’s pressure and demands, parent’s pressure, fear of being judged and finding difficult to combine their academic and sport life have in athlete’s burnout. For this purpose, we have a sample with 190 athletes, 64.2% men and 35.8% women that belongs to different categories of competition (local, Galician, and national). We used the Spanish adaptation of the questionnaire ABQ (Athlete Burnout Questionnaire) developed by Raedeke, elaborated by the Unit of Psychology Sports and Support to Research (USC) to collect the data. After checking that the ABQ maintains the factor’s structure from the original questionnaire and that the reliability of its subscales is suitable, the results shows that (1) the level of burnout in athletes differs depending on the competitive category athlete’s belong, getting statistically significant differences between the local and national categories, (2) there is a significant relationship between burnout and the variables object of study and (3) athletes with a higher level of burnout get significantly higher scores in: coach’s pressure, parent’s pressure, fear of being judge and difficulty in combining their academic and sport life than those with low burnout.
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Traballo Fin de Grao en Psicoloxía. Curso 2017-2018
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