Bioacumulación de metales pesados y otros contaminantes en macromicetos
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IBADER (Universidade de Santiago de Compostela-Lugo)
Abstract
[ESP]
En este artículo se revisa el fenómeno de la bioacumulación de metales pesados y otros contaminantes por los macromicetos. Esta aptitud captadora depende de una serie de factores medio ambientales y del hongo (composición bioquímica, actividad descomponedora, grado de desarrollo y distribución del micelio, etc.) que se comentan. También se resume un trabajo sobre la presencia de metales pesados (Cd, Hg, Pb, Zn y Cu) realizado en la provincia de Lugo sobre muestras de 28 especies comestibles de macromicetos. Se ha estudiado la incidencia de diversos factores en la acumulación de éstos metales: especie, ecología y parte anatómica del carpóforo, y se comentan las posibles repercusiones toxicológicas asociadas al consumo de estos hongos. Se concluye que las especies saprófitas terrícolas muestran las máximas concentraciones de metales, siendo las mas bajas las de las especies lignícolas y cultivadas. La especie con mayor aptitud captadora es Agaricus macrosporus, especialmente para el cadmio. El himenóforo resultó la porción anatómica con mayores niveles metálicos. En general, no parecen existir riesgos alimentarios por la presencia de estos metales en los hongos, siempre que su ingestión sea moderada. Es conveniente retirar la porción del himenóforo para consumo y evitar la recogida de setas en zonas contaminadas (cascos urbanos, cercanía a carreteras, industrias, etc.). El consumo de la especie Agaricus macrosporus y de otras especies del género Agaricus sección Arvenses debería reducirse o evitarse completamente por sus elevados contenidos en cadmio.
[ENG] In this article the macrofungi’s phenomenon of heavy metals and another pollutant’s bioaccumulation is checked. This ability depends on some environmental factors and also in fungus’ (the biochemical composition, the decomposing activity, the state of the mycelium’s development and distribution, etc.) which are checked, too. It’s also resumed a project about the presence of heavy metals (Cd, Hg, Pb, Zn and Cu) done in Lugo by studying samples of twenty-eight different species of eatable macrofungi. The incidence of various factors in the accumulation of these metals has been studied: the specie, the ecology and morphological portion of the fruit-body…and the possible toxicological repercussions related to the ingestion of these mushrooms are commented. The study concludes that wild saprophytic species show the highest concentration level and the cultivated ones show the lowest. The specie which absorbs better heavy metals, specially the Cadmium, is the Agaricus macrosporus. The hymenium is the mushrooms’ part which contents the highest levels of these metals. In general, it seems that ingestion risks don’t exist as long as this ingestion was moderate. Is convenient to cut out the hymenium before eating and not to collect mushrooms in polluted areas like cities, road banks, factories, etc. The Agaricus macrosporus ingestion or of the Agaricus genus, Arvenses section should be reduced, even completely avoided just because its very high concentration of cadmium.
[ENG] In this article the macrofungi’s phenomenon of heavy metals and another pollutant’s bioaccumulation is checked. This ability depends on some environmental factors and also in fungus’ (the biochemical composition, the decomposing activity, the state of the mycelium’s development and distribution, etc.) which are checked, too. It’s also resumed a project about the presence of heavy metals (Cd, Hg, Pb, Zn and Cu) done in Lugo by studying samples of twenty-eight different species of eatable macrofungi. The incidence of various factors in the accumulation of these metals has been studied: the specie, the ecology and morphological portion of the fruit-body…and the possible toxicological repercussions related to the ingestion of these mushrooms are commented. The study concludes that wild saprophytic species show the highest concentration level and the cultivated ones show the lowest. The specie which absorbs better heavy metals, specially the Cadmium, is the Agaricus macrosporus. The hymenium is the mushrooms’ part which contents the highest levels of these metals. In general, it seems that ingestion risks don’t exist as long as this ingestion was moderate. Is convenient to cut out the hymenium before eating and not to collect mushrooms in polluted areas like cities, road banks, factories, etc. The Agaricus macrosporus ingestion or of the Agaricus genus, Arvenses section should be reduced, even completely avoided just because its very high concentration of cadmium.
Description
Relatorio presentado no “Curso de Micoloxía”, realizado pola Escola Politécnica Superior (USC) coa colaboración do INLUDES.
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Alonso Díaz, J. (2006). Bioacumulación de metales pesados y otros contaminantes en macromicetos. En A. Rigueiro Rodríguez e J.L. Fernández Lorenzo (Eds.), Curso de micoloxía (pp. 19-28). IBADER. https://www.ibader.gal/download.php?f=RR%20Serie%20cursos%2003-03-124.pdf
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Instituto Lucense de Desarrollo Económico y Social
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© IBADER- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela 2006
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International







