La influencia del apoyo social en pacientes con trasplante renal. Una revisión sistemática
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El trasplante renal (Tx) es la terapia renal sustitutiva que aporta mayores beneficios a
los pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica. En esta revisión se pretendió determinar la
cantidad, fuente y tipo de apoyo social que perciben los pacientes Tx y compararlo con otras
poblaciones, explorar en qué medida los factores sociodemográficos y clínicos determinan
estos niveles y conocer la influencia del apoyo social en la ansiedad, depresión y otras
variables relevantes, así como explorar las variaciones temporales. Se realizó una búsqueda
sistemática en las bases de datos Medline, PsycInfo y Web of Sciencie de estudios publicados
desde el año 2000, en los que se evalúa apoyo social percibido en pacientes adultos con Tx y
se incluyeron 38 estudios. Según los resultados, el nivel de apoyo social de los pacientes Tx
es menor que en población general y similar a pacientes en diálisis, este generalmente no
varía en función de factores sociodemográficos y clínicos, aunque disminuye con el tiempo.
El nivel de apoyo social se relaciona con síntomas depresivos, ansiosos, calidad de vida y el
afrontamiento de la enfermedad. En definitiva, el apoyo social es un factor relevante a
evaluar y sobre el que intervenir en pacientes Tx
Renal transplantation (Tx) is the renal replacement therapy that brings the greatest benefits to patients with chronic kidney disease. In this review we aimed to determine the amount, source and type of social support perceived by chronic kidney disease patients and compare it with other populations, to explore the extent to which socio-demographic and clinical factors determine these levels and to determine the influence of social support on anxiety, depression and other relevant variables, as well as to explore temporal variations. A systematic search of Medline, PsycInfo and Web of Science databases for studies published since 2000 assessing perceived social support in adult patients with Tx was conducted and 38 studies were included. According to the results, the level of social support of Tx patients is lower than in the general population and similar to that of dialysis patients, and generally does not vary according to sociodemographic and clinical factors, although it decreases over time. The level of social support is related to depressive symptoms, anxiety, quality of life and coping with the disease. In short, social support is a relevant factor to assess and intervene in Tx patients
Renal transplantation (Tx) is the renal replacement therapy that brings the greatest benefits to patients with chronic kidney disease. In this review we aimed to determine the amount, source and type of social support perceived by chronic kidney disease patients and compare it with other populations, to explore the extent to which socio-demographic and clinical factors determine these levels and to determine the influence of social support on anxiety, depression and other relevant variables, as well as to explore temporal variations. A systematic search of Medline, PsycInfo and Web of Science databases for studies published since 2000 assessing perceived social support in adult patients with Tx was conducted and 38 studies were included. According to the results, the level of social support of Tx patients is lower than in the general population and similar to that of dialysis patients, and generally does not vary according to sociodemographic and clinical factors, although it decreases over time. The level of social support is related to depressive symptoms, anxiety, quality of life and coping with the disease. In short, social support is a relevant factor to assess and intervene in Tx patients
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Traballo Fin de Máster Universitario en Psicoloxía Xeral Sanitaria. Curso 2023/2024
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