La arquitectura del estereotipo cultural en el cine del régimen franquista: el "Galaiquismo"

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“Galaiquismo” es un término inspirado en el concepto “Orientalismo” de Edward W. Said para reflexionar sobre cómo NO-DO, organismo de propaganda cinematográfica del régimen franquista, elaboró un discurso de representación cultural sobre Galicia y lo gallego, haciendo un uso folclorizado de la cultura. Muchos de los materiales NO-DO hacen referencia explícita a lo folclórico, elaborando así un mapa territorial en el que el estereotipo se convirtió en el principal indicador de representación cultural y la invención en la principal herramienta de promoción turística. NO-DO se convirtió en un poderoso aparato del régimen, produciendo un discurso ejecutado desde “fuera” hacia “dentro” en un claro ejercicio de poder vertical (arriba/abajo) que definía la cultura en estampas folclóricas que evidenciaban una mirada colonial del centro sobre las periferias, negando la posibilidad a los pueblos retratados en las imágenes de dialogar o discutir la parábola que se producía de sí mismos.
“Galaiquism” is a term inspired by the concept of “Orientalism”—proposed by Edward W. Said—that we use to reflect on how NO-DO, the cinematographic propaganda apparatus of Francisco Franco’s regime, generated a discourse about the cultural representation of Galicia and its identity, through the folklorization of its culture. Many NO-DO materials make explicit reference to folklore, elaborating a territorial map within which stereotypes were used as signs of cultural representation, and invention became an important tool for the promotion of tourism. NO-DO turned into a powerful device for the regime, producing a discourse which was executed from the "outside" towards the "inside", exercising power vertically and expressing culture by means of folkloric prints which represented the colonial gaze from the centre towards the peripheries, denying the people portrayed the possibility to question the allegory that was produced on their behalf.

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© Cadernos de Arte e Antropologia, 2020