Anuarios, efemérides e bases de datos astronómicos
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[GL] Este traballo versa sobre a orixe e evolución dos diferentes catálogos astronómicos
ao longo da historia, os cales constitúen unhas das primeiras publicacións científicas da
Antigüidade. Comezaremos abordando os de maior relevancia histórica, desde as primeiras
recompilacións de estrelas da Antiga Mesopotamia, pasando polos catálogos estelares de
Hiparco de Nicea ou a Uranometría de Johann Bayer ata as primeiras listaxes de obxectos
astronómicos do ceo profundo como o de sobra coñecido Catálogo Messier. A continuación,
afondaremos en detalle nos catálogos e bases de datos máis empregados na actualidade
polos científicos, tanto no eido da divulgación como, sobretodo, no da investigación tanto da
física como da matemática do Cosmos. Falamos, dunha banda, dos Anuarios e Efemérides
astronómicas, publicacións realizadas polos Observatorios Astronómicos máis importantes
de cada país e nas que se detallan os fenómenos astronómicos máis relevantes do ano así
como táboas con datos sobre a posición dos diferentes astros visíbeis no ceo, entre moitas
outras aplicacións. Doutra banda pero de non menos importancia, trataremos as bases
de datos online máis empregadas, nas que se recollen os datos obtidos polas diferentes
sondas enviadas ao espazo nas últimas décadas e que resultan indispensables para permitir
a evolución do coñecemento que temos sobre o Universo.
[EN] This work is focused on the origin and evolution of different astronomical catalogs across time which are some of the earliest scientific publications of antiquity. Those of most historical relevance are addressed first, beginning with the ancient Mesopotamian star compilations, followed by the Hipparchus of Nicaea’s Star Catalog and Uranometria by Johann Bayer, to the first lists of deep-sky objects such as the renowned Messier Catalog. Second, catalogs and databases commonly used by scientists today are detailed – those which were conceived for both the popularization and the research of the Physics and Mathematics of the Cosmos. Among them it is possible to find, on one hand, the astronomical Yearbooks and Ephemerides publications produced by the most important astronomical observatories in each country which detail the most relevant astronomical phenomena of the year as well as tables with data on the positions of different stars visible in the sky, along with many other aspects. On the other hand, but not of less importance, the most used online databases represent the other half of this group. The data obtained by the different probes sent into space in the last decades are collected in them. This information is vital in order to understand the evolution of our knowledge of the Universe.
[EN] This work is focused on the origin and evolution of different astronomical catalogs across time which are some of the earliest scientific publications of antiquity. Those of most historical relevance are addressed first, beginning with the ancient Mesopotamian star compilations, followed by the Hipparchus of Nicaea’s Star Catalog and Uranometria by Johann Bayer, to the first lists of deep-sky objects such as the renowned Messier Catalog. Second, catalogs and databases commonly used by scientists today are detailed – those which were conceived for both the popularization and the research of the Physics and Mathematics of the Cosmos. Among them it is possible to find, on one hand, the astronomical Yearbooks and Ephemerides publications produced by the most important astronomical observatories in each country which detail the most relevant astronomical phenomena of the year as well as tables with data on the positions of different stars visible in the sky, along with many other aspects. On the other hand, but not of less importance, the most used online databases represent the other half of this group. The data obtained by the different probes sent into space in the last decades are collected in them. This information is vital in order to understand the evolution of our knowledge of the Universe.
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Traballo Fin de Grao en Matemáticas. Curso 2020-2021
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