Calendarios astronómicos
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[ES] El calendario surge de la necesidad de representar el paso del tiempo y es el reflejo de
cómo cada civilización lo adaptó de acuerdo a su cultura. A su vez, también está regido
por los movimientos del sistema Luna-Tierra-Sol. Este desarrollo es uno de los objetivos
de este trabajo.
Otro de los propósitos de esta memoria es la explicación de los tres tipos de calendarios
que difieren entre ellos en el cuerpo astronómico que toman como referencia (solares, lunares
y lunisolares), junto con un ejemplo específico de cada uno (gregoriano, musulmán y judío,
respectivamente).
Por último, se complementa este proyecto con la exposición del formato ISO-8601, de
la data juliana y de las épocas besseliana y juliana. Además, se adjunta la implementación
de un código programado en Python, que realiza la conversión de fechas entre distintos
calendarios y es ejecutable desde la terminal del programa y desde una página web.
[EN] The calendar arises from the need to represent the passage of time and it is the reflection of how each civilization adapted it according to their culture. In turn, it is also ruled by the movements of the Moon-Earth-Sun system. This development is one of the objectives of this work. Another of the goals of this report is the explanation of the three types of calendar that differ among themselves in the astronomical body they take as a reference (solar, lunar and lunisolar), together with a specific example of each (gregorian, muslim and jewish, respectively). Finally, this project is complemented by the exposition from the format ISO-8601, the Julian Date and the Besselian and Julian epochs. Also, the implementation of a code programmed in Python is attached, which performs the date conversion between different calendars and is executable from the program terminal and from a web.
[EN] The calendar arises from the need to represent the passage of time and it is the reflection of how each civilization adapted it according to their culture. In turn, it is also ruled by the movements of the Moon-Earth-Sun system. This development is one of the objectives of this work. Another of the goals of this report is the explanation of the three types of calendar that differ among themselves in the astronomical body they take as a reference (solar, lunar and lunisolar), together with a specific example of each (gregorian, muslim and jewish, respectively). Finally, this project is complemented by the exposition from the format ISO-8601, the Julian Date and the Besselian and Julian epochs. Also, the implementation of a code programmed in Python is attached, which performs the date conversion between different calendars and is executable from the program terminal and from a web.
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Traballo Fin de Grao en Matemáticas. Curso 2019-2020
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