Identificación y validación de PI3K: una kinasa reguladora de la adipogénesis
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[ES]El tejido adiposo posee un papel central en el metabolismo energético, por lo que su funcionamiento inadecuado podría dar lugar a patologías metabólicas como la obesidad o la diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Este estado disfuncional se caracteriza por hipertrofia e hiperplasia de los adipocitos, así como por un exceso de lipólisis. Asimismo, se acompaña de la acumulación de lípidos en tejidos ectópicos. Esto conduce a la aparición del síndrome metabólico, que se caracteriza por resistencia a la insulina, intolerancia a la glucosa, dislipemia, obesidad e hipertensión.
En la regulación del tejido adiposo participan distintas kinasas. Recientemente, se aislaron moléculas inhibidoras de kinasas que aumentan la adipogénesis y se identificaron sus dianas moleculares. Debido a su papel en la señalización de la insulina, en este trabajo se ha seleccionado a PI3K (fosfatidilinositol 3-kinasa) para continuar su identificación y validación como enzima reguladora del metabolismo. Para ello se emplea un ensayo fenotípico de adipogénesis en el que los inhibidores de PI3K conducen a una mejora de este proceso. Por otro lado, los inhibidores de PI3K dan lugar a una inhibición parcial de la lipólisis como resultado de su evaluación en un ensayo de este tipo. Así, es posible identificar a PI3K como una diana candidata en la regulación de la adipogénesis y, por consiguiente, en el tratamiento del síndrome metabólico, la obesidad y la diabetes mellitus tipo 2
[EN]Adiposse tissue plays a central role in energy metabolism, so its impaired function could lead to metabolic diseases such as obesity or type 2 diabetes mellitus. This dysfunctional state is characterized by hypertrophy and hyperplasia of adypocytes, as well as an excessive lipolysis. Likewise, it is acompaneid by lipid accumulation in ectopic tissues. This leads to the emergence of the metabolic syndrome, which is characterized by insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia, obesity and hypertension. Different kinases are involved in regulating adiposse tissue. Recently, kinase inhibitors molecules which increase adipogenesis were isolated, and their molecular targets were identified. Because of its role in insulin signalling, PI3K (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) has been selected in order to continue its identification and validation as a metabolism regulator enzyme. For this reason, an adipogenesis phenotypic assay was employed, where PI3K inhibitors lead to an improvement on this process. On the other hand, PI3K inhibitors result in a partial inhibition of lipolysis as a consequence of its evaluation in a lipolysis assay. Thus, PI3K can be identified as a candidate target in regulating adipogenesis and therefore, in the treatment of metabolic syndrome, obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus
[EN]Adiposse tissue plays a central role in energy metabolism, so its impaired function could lead to metabolic diseases such as obesity or type 2 diabetes mellitus. This dysfunctional state is characterized by hypertrophy and hyperplasia of adypocytes, as well as an excessive lipolysis. Likewise, it is acompaneid by lipid accumulation in ectopic tissues. This leads to the emergence of the metabolic syndrome, which is characterized by insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia, obesity and hypertension. Different kinases are involved in regulating adiposse tissue. Recently, kinase inhibitors molecules which increase adipogenesis were isolated, and their molecular targets were identified. Because of its role in insulin signalling, PI3K (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) has been selected in order to continue its identification and validation as a metabolism regulator enzyme. For this reason, an adipogenesis phenotypic assay was employed, where PI3K inhibitors lead to an improvement on this process. On the other hand, PI3K inhibitors result in a partial inhibition of lipolysis as a consequence of its evaluation in a lipolysis assay. Thus, PI3K can be identified as a candidate target in regulating adipogenesis and therefore, in the treatment of metabolic syndrome, obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus
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Traballo Fin de Grao en Farmacia. Curso 2014-2015
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