Relación entre cohesión y rendimiento en hombres y mujeres deportistas

Abstract

[ES] El presente trabajo se realizó con el objetivo de analizar la relación entre la cohesión de los miembros de los equipos deportivos y su rendimiento deportivo y tratar de especificar el modelo que mejores predicciones del rendimiento pudiera producir. También se trataron de identificar posibles diferencias en la relación entre dichas variables para deportistas masculinos y femeninos. Para ello, se utilizó una muestra de 280 deportistas de ambos sexos y una conceptualización multidimensional de la cohesión con cuatro componentes denominados atracción individual hacia el grupo en lo social, atracción individual hacia el grupo en la tarea (ATG-T), integración grupal en lo social (IG-S), e integración grupal en la tarea (IG-T). Los resultados del estudio permitieron concluir que existe una relación positiva, estadísticamente significativa, entre la cohesión y el rendimiento deportivo. El tamaño del efecto fue, no obstante, moderado. Los mejores predictores del rendimiento fueron, por este orden, IG-T, ATG-T y ATG-S. En general, los efectos de estas variables sobre el rendimiento fueron mayores para las mujeres que para los hombres, pero las diferencias no alcanzaron significación estadística

[EN] Less than a decade ago, a new treatment was developed in order to modify the attention bias observed in people with anxiety disorders. This was called Attention Bias Modification (ABM). Even if this was quickly considered one of the most promising treatments for anxiety disorders, the underlying mechanisms used by it are still under debate among investigators. The most accepted hypothesis is the one that states that individuals with anxiety show a certain difficulty when it comes to deviate their attention from a stimulus that they fear, so the ABM technique acts so that it facilitates disengagement attention. In the present study, an experimental Eye-tracking paradigm was designed, so that the attention bias could be observed directly. In order to do so, 20 psychology students were selected to undergo a fixation condition and a distraction condition, all in one session. During the course of the experiment, the amount of eye movement produced during the fixation condition was evaluated, and this was done when stimuli with emotional valence (positive and negative) and without emotional value were created. It was hypothesized that a higher number of movements would be detected when the individuals were subjected to negative emotional stimuli (threatening) when compared to the other stimuli. The results obtained during the experiment did not showed any significant relation between the emotional content and the amount of the eye movement observed in the tested individuals. This led to the conclusion that the difficulty in the attention disengagement does not exist. A thorough examination of this paradigm should be done in the future, as well as an investigation on which mechanisms favor the modification of the attention bias and which do not