Lema Atán, José ÁngelLendoiro Belío, ElenaPaniagua González, LucíaCruz Landeira, AngelinesLópez Rivadulla, ManuelCastro Ríos, Ana de2023-01-032023-01-032022José Ángel Lema-Atán, Elena Lendoiro, Lucía Paniagua-González, Angelines Cruz, Manuel López-Rivadulla, Ana de-Castro-Ríos, LC–MS-MS Determination of Cytostatic Drugs on Surfaces and in Urine to Assess Occupational Exposure, Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 2022;, bkac073, https://doi.org/10.1093/jat/bkac0730146-4760http://hdl.handle.net/10347/29727The ever-increased usage of cytostatic drugs leads to high risk of exposure among healthcare workers. Moreover, workers are exposed to multiple compounds throughout their lives, leading to cumulative and chronic exposure. Therefore, multianalyte methods are the most suitable for exposure assessment, which minimizes the risks from handling cytostatic drugs and ensures adequate contamination containment. This study describes the development and full validation of two liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry methods for the detection of gemcitabine, dacarbazine, methotrexate, irinotecan, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicinol, doxorubicin, epirubicin, etoposide, vinorelbine, docetaxel and paclitaxel in working surfaces and urine samples. The urine method is the frst to measure vinorelbine and doxorubicinol. For surfaces, limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantifcation (LOQ) were 5–100 pg/cm2 , and linearity was achieved up to 500 pg/cm2 . Inaccuracy was between −11.0 and 8.4%. Intra-day, inter-day and total imprecision were <20%, except for etoposide and irinotecan (<22.1%). In urine, LOD and LOQ were 5–250 pg/mL, with a linear range up to 1,000–5,000 pg/mL. Inaccuracy was between −3.8 and 14.9%. Imprecision was <12.4%. Matrix effect was from −58.3 to 1,268.9% and from −66.7 to 1,636% in surface and urine samples, respectively, and extraction effciency from 10.8 to 75% and 47.1 to 130.4%, respectively. All the analytes showed autosampler (6°C/72 h), freezer (–22°C/2 months) and freeze/thaw (three cycles) stability. The feasibility of the methods was demonstrated by analyzing real working surfaces and patients’ urine samples. Contamination withemcitabine, irinotecan, cyclophosphamide, epirubicin and paclitaxel (5–4,641.9 pg/cm2) was found on biological safety cabinets and outpatients’bathrooms. Analysis of urine from patients under chemotherapy identifed the infused drugs at concentrations higher than the upper LOQ. These validated methods will allow a comprehensive evaluation of both environmental and biological contamination in hospital settings and healthcareworkerseng© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distrAtribución 4.0 Internacionalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/journal article10.1093/jat/bkac0731945-2403open access