De Azevedo, Ana ManuelaLosada García, Ana PaulaFerreiro, IsabelLosada, VanesaRusso, TommasoBoglione, ClaraVázquez Rodríguez, SoniaQuiroga Berdeal, María Isabel2021-01-152021-01-152021de Azevedo, A.M.; Losada, A.P.; Ferreiro, I.; Riaza, A.; Losada, V.; Russo, T.; Boglione, C.; Vázquez, S.; Quiroga, M.I. Skeletal Anomalies in Senegalese Sole (Solea senegalensis, Kaup) Fed with Different Commercial Enriched Artemia: A Study in Postlarvae and Juveniles. Animals 2021, 11, 22http://hdl.handle.net/10347/24193The high incidence of skeletal anomalies in Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) still constitutes a bottleneck constraining its production. There are diverse commercially available products for the enrichment of live preys, but few reports of their influence on skeletogenesis in Senegalese sole. This study evaluated the presence of vertebral anomalies in postlarvae and juvenile Senegalese sole fed with Artemia spp. metanauplii enriched with four commercial products (EA, EB, EC, and ED) in a fish farm. The most frequent alterations consisted of deformations of the neural/haemal arches and spines and fusions and deformations of hypurals, epural, or parhypural. The correspondence analysis ordered fish from each age in separated semiaxis, indicating the presence of different anomaly patterns for the two sampled stages. The results showed only very light changes in the frequency of vertebral abnormalities among tested enrichment products, i.e., individuals from EC and EA lots displayed less vertebral body anomalies and/or vertebral column deviations at 31 and 105 days after hatching, respectively. The existence of a large shared malformation pattern in all the experimental groups leads to impute to the rearing conditions as the main driving factor of the onset of such group of anomalies, probably masking some dietary effecteng© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)Atribución 4.0 Internacionalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Skeletal anomaliesSenegalese sole (Solea senegalensis)Enrichment productsRearing conditionsjournal article10.3390/ani110100222076-2615open access