Gómez García, EstebanFonseca, Teresa F.Crecente Campo, FelipeAlmeida, Luís R.Diéguez Aranda, UlisesHuang, ShongmingMarques, Carlos P.2020-05-242020-05-242016Gómez-García E, Fonseca TF, Crecente-Campo F, Almeida LR, Diéguez-Aranda U, Huang S, Marques CP (2015). Height-diameter models for maritime pine in Portugal: a comparison of basic, generalized and mixed-effects models. iForest 9: 72-78. - doi: 10.3832/ifor1520-008http://hdl.handle.net/10347/22536Tree height is a key variable in forest monitoring studies and for forest management. However, tree height measurement is time consuming, and the recommended procedure is to use estimates from height-diameter models. Here, we compare height-diameter model forms and approaches for predicting tree height (h) as a function of tree diameter at breast height (d) and additional stand level covariates. Four model forms were evaluated: (i) basic models (which only used d as predictor variable); (ii) generalized models (which used d and stand-level predictor variables); (iii) a mixed-effects model based on the best basic model; and (iv) a mixed-effects model based on the best generalized model. Several alternatives aimed at minimizing height measurement effort were tested in terms of accuracy and applicability. From a practical point of view, the selected generalized model is recommended for estimating the height of maritime pine in Portugal. The results also show that a calibrated basic mixed model provides more accurate results than a basic model locally fitted when the number of h-d observations is limited.engCopyright © 2015 SISEF. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were madehttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/Pinus pinaster Ait.Sampling DesignLocal ModelStand VariablesGeneralized h-d RelationshipCalibrationjournal article10.3832/ifor1520-0081971-7458open access