Gómez Varela, Ana IsabelSánchez, RaúlCarnero Groba, BastiánDíaz Gómez, LuisFlores Arias, María TeresaBao Varela, María del Carmen2025-11-272025-11-272022-09-26Ana I. Gómez-Varela, Raúl Sanchez, Bastián Carnero, Luis Diaz-Gomez, M. Teresa Flores-Arias, and Carmen Bao-Varela, "Subaquatic indirect laser ablation technique for glass processing," Opt. Express 30, 37536-37553 (2022)1094-4087https://hdl.handle.net/10347/44051Subaquatic indirect Laser-Induced Plasma-Assisted Ablation (SLIPAA) is proposed as a laser-based technique for glass processing. In this configuration, a water layer is added between a metallic target and a soda-lime glass substrate, so the processing of the glass is due to a combination of the ablation mechanism, the shock waves, and the cavitation bubbles. Thus, this method makes it possible to produce higher depth structures than those performed up to now by other standard laser techniques based on ablation, achieving structures in glass with rectangular cross-sectional profiles. Channels of 1 mm width are fabricated, reaching an average maximal depth value of almost 1400 µm at 30 passes of the laser beam while keeping the focal position fixed. Furthermore, the difference between processing the material with and without the addition of the water layer is presented. The influence of the processing parameters on the shape and quality of the fabricated structures is studied by optical and confocal microscopy, microcomputed tomography, and scanning electron microscopy. Compositional analysis of the glass is performed by energy dispersive X-ray technique to assess the transference of material from the metallic target to the fabricated channels. Deeper and more complex structures are obtained by refocusing the laser beam on the target and adding a pulsed flowing water filmeng© 2022 Optica Publishing Group under the terms of the Optica Open Access Publishing Agreement: CC-BYAttribution 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Laser processingLaser ablationGlass processingInvestigación22 Física2209 Óptica220910 Láseresjournal article10.1364/OE.463803open access