Fernández López, SaraRodríguez-Gulías, María JesúsCalvo, NuriaRodeiro-Pazos, David2025-09-182025-09-182025References Fernández-López, S., Rodríguez-Gulías, M. J., Calvo, N., & Rodeiro-Pazos, D. (2025). Gender diversity and innovation performance in family firms: Evidence from the Spanish manufacturing industry. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, 77, 101904. https://10.1016/j.jengtecman.2025.1019041879-1719https://hdl.handle.net/10347/42850This paper, drawing on the upper echelon theory, examines the relationship between the existence and degree of gender diversity in top management teams (TMTs) with firm’s innovation performance, using a sample of 1.808 Spanish manufacturing firms. We follow a two-step multivariate analysis distinguishing between product and process innovation and comparing family and non-family. Our findings show a positive relationship between gender diversity and process innovation, and a U-shaped relationship between the degree of gender diversity and product innovation in family firms, but not in non-family firms.eng© 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Family firmsInnovation performanceGender diversityTop management teamsManufacturing industryjournal article10.1016/J.JENGTECMAN.2025.1019040923-4748open access