Liñeira del Río, José ManuelMoreda Piñeiro, AntonioLópez Iglesias, EnriquetaFernández Pérez, Josefa2025-10-232025-10-232025-03-19Liñeira del Río, J. M., Gómez Martínez, M., Moreda-Piñeiro, A., López, E. R., & Fernández, J. (2025). Tribological improvement using Ti3C2Tx MXenes and/or CaCO3 nanoparticles as lubricant additives. Wear, 572-573, 206041. 10.1016/j.wear.2025.2060410043-1648https://hdl.handle.net/10347/43368The main goal of this work is the tribological characterization of low viscosity nanolubricants, PAO8 base oil containing Ti3C2Tx MXenes and/or functionalized CaCO3 (CaCO3-OA) nanoparticles as additives. Friction enhancements were reached with CaCO3-OA nanolubricants with maximum reductions of 44 % for the optimal concentration of 0.10 wt% CaCO3-OA. With respect to wear, significant improvements in antiwear performance were achieved with maximum reductions in wear width of 27 % (0.15 wt% CaCO3-OA), 14 % (0.10 wt% Ti3C2Tx) and 13 % for hybrid (0.10 wt% CaCO3-OA/Ti3C2Tx) nanolubricants. Confocal Raman microscopy was utilized to recognize the mechanisms that govern tribological improvement: tribofilm formation for Ti3C2Tx nanosheets and tribofilm formation and self-repairing for CaCO3-OA nanoparticles.engAttribution 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/MXenesNanoparticlesWearSurface analysisjournal article10.1016/j.wear.2025.2060411873-2577open access