Costas Sánchez, CeliaRaposo García, SandraLouzao Ojeda, María del CarmenVale González, María del CarmenGraña, AlmudenaCarrera González, María CristinaCifuentes Martínez, José ManuelVilariño del Río, NataliaRodríguez Vieytes, MercedesBotana López, Luis Miguel2024-03-082024-03-082023Food and Chemical Toxicology, Volume 182, 2023, 1141780278-6915http://hdl.handle.net/10347/33090Brevetoxins (PbTxs) are emerging marine toxins that can lead to Neurotoxic Shellfish Poisoning in humans by the ingestion of contaminated seafood. Recent reports on brevetoxin detection in shellfish in regions where it has not been described before, arise the need of updated guidelines to ensure seafood consumers safety. Our aim was to provide toxicological data for brevetoxin 3 (PbTx3) by assessing oral toxicity in mice and comparing it with intraperitoneal administration. We followed an Up-and-Down procedure administering PbTx3 to mice and registering clinical signs, neuromuscular function, histopathology, and blood changes. Neuromuscular dysfunction like seizures and ataxia, as well as loss of limb strength were observed at 6 h. Performance and clinical signs largely improved at 24 h, time at which no blood biochemical or histological alterations were detected independently of the administration route. However, PbTx3 oral administration results in lower toxicity than intraperitoneal administration. Mortality was only observed at 4000 μg/kg bw PbTx3 administered via oral, but we still found toxicity clinical signs at low toxin doses. We could stablish an oral Lowest-Observable-Adverse-Effect-Level for PbTx3 of 100 μg/kg bw and an oral No-Observable-Adverse-Effect-Level of 10 μg/kg bw in mice. The data here reported should be considered in the evaluation of risks of PbTxs for human healtheng© 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/bync-nd/4.0/)Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacionalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Neurotoxic Shellfish PoisoningBrevetoxin 3Up-and-Down procedureFood safetyjournal article10.1016/j.fct.2023.114178open access