Šatović, EvaLuchetti, AndreaPasantes, Juan J.García Souto, DanielCedilak, AndreaMantovani, BarbaraMiroslav, Plohl2020-04-162020-04-162019Šatović, E., Luchetti, A., Pasantes, J.J. et al. Terminal-Repeat Retrotransposons in Miniature (TRIMs) in bivalves. Sci Rep 9, 19962 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-56502-yhttp://hdl.handle.net/10347/21482Terminal repeat retrotransposons in miniature (TRIMs) are small non-autonomous LTR retrotransposons consisting of two terminal direct repeats surrounding a short internal domain. The detection and characterization of these elements has been mainly limited to plants. Here we present the frst fnding of a TRIM element in bivalves, and among the frst known in the kingdom Animalia. Class Bivalvia has high ecological and commercial importance in marine ecosystems and aquaculture, and, in recent years, an increasing number of genomic studies has addressed to these organisms. We have identifed biv-TRIM in several bivalve species: Donax trunculus, Ruditapes decussatus, R. philippinarum, Venerupis corrugata, Polititapes rhomboides, Venus verrucosa, Dosinia exoleta, Glycymeris glycymeris, Cerastoderma edule, Magallana gigas, Mytilus galloprovincialis. biv-TRIM has several characteristics typical for this group of elements, exhibiting diferent variations. In addition to canonically structured elements, solo-TDRs and tandem repeats were detected. The presence of this element in the genome of each species is <1%. The phylogenetic analysis showed a complex clustering pattern of biv-TRIM elements, and indicates the involvement of horizontal transfer in the spreading of this elementeng© The Author(s) 2019. Open Access. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Evolutionary biologyMolecular evolutionTranspositionjournal article10.1038/s41598-019-56502-y2045-2322open access