Carballo, ÁlvaroLópez‐Dequidt, IriaCustodia Malvido, AntíaBotelho, JoãoAramburu‐Núñez, MartaMachado, VanessaPías‐Peleteiro, Juan ManuelOuro Villasante, AlbertoRomaus-Sanjurjo, DanielVázquez‐Vázquez, LauraJiménez‐Martín, IsabelAguiar Fernández, PabloRodríguez‐Yáñez, ManuelAldrey, José ManuelBlanco Carrión, JuanCastillo Sánchez, José AntonioSobrino, TomásLeira Feijóo, Yago2023-11-092023-11-092023-08-16Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 50(11), 1444–14540303-6979http://hdl.handle.net/10347/31240Aim To assess whether periodontitis is associated with cognitive decline and its progression as well as with certain blood-based markers of Alzheimer's disease. Materials and Methods Data from a 2-year follow-up prospective cohort study (n = 101) was analysed. Participants with a previous history of hypertension and aged ≥60 years were included in the analysis. All of them received a full-mouth periodontal examination and cognitive function assessments (Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (ACE) and Mini-Mental State Examination [MMSE]). Plasma levels of amyloid beta (Aβ)1-40, Aβ1-42, phosphorylated and total Tau (p-Tau and t-Tau) were determined at baseline, 12 and 24 months. Results Periodontitis was associated with poor cognitive performance (MMSE: β = −1.5 [0.6]) and progression of cognitive impairment (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.8; 95% confidence interval: 1.0–3.1). Subjects with periodontitis showed greater baseline levels of p-Tau (1.6 [0.7] vs. 1.2 [0.2] pg/mL, p < .001) and Aβ1-40 (242.1 [77.3] vs. 208.2 [73.8] pg/mL, p = .036) compared with those without periodontitis. Concentrations of the latter protein also increased over time only in the periodontitis group (p = .005). Conclusions Periodontitis is associated with cognitive decline and its progression in elderly patients with a previous history of hypertension. Overexpression of p-Tau and Aβ1-40 may play a role in this associationeng© 2023 The Authors. Journal of Clinical Periodontology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposesAtribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacionalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/Amyloid beta peptidesBiomarkersDementiaPeriodontitisTau proteinjournal article10.1111/jcpe.138611600-051Xopen access