Bosquet Mera, BraisCores Costa, DanielBrea Sánchez, Víctor ManuelMucientes Molina, ManuelBimbo, Alberto del2022-11-222022-11-222023Pattern Recognition 133 2023 (108998)http://hdl.handle.net/10347/29451Object detection accuracy on small objects, i.e., objects under 32 32 pixels, lags behind that of large ones. To address this issue, innovative architectures have been designed and new datasets have been released. Still, the number of small objects in many datasets does not suffice for training. The advent of the generative adversarial networks (GANs) opens up a new data augmentation possibility for training architectures without the costly task of annotating huge datasets for small objects. In this paper, we propose a full pipeline for data augmentation for small object detection which combines a GAN-based object generator with techniques of object segmentation, image inpainting, and image blending to achieve high-quality synthetic data. The main component of our pipeline is DS-GAN, a novel GAN-based architecture that generates realistic small objects from larger ones. Experimental results show that our overall data augmentation method improves the performance of state-of-the-art models up to 11.9% AP on UAVDT and by 4.7% AP on iSAID, both for the small objects subset and for a scenario where the number of training instances is limited.eng© 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/)Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacionalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Small object detectionData augmentationGenerative adversarial networkjournal article10.1016/j.patcog.2022.1089980031-3203open access