Aragón Saenzpardo, Mario EzraLópez Monroy, Adrián PastorMontes y Gómez, ManuelLosada Carril, David Enrique2025-11-182025-11-182025-07-16Aragón, M. E., López-Monroy, A. P., Montes-y-Gómez, M., & Losada, D. E. (2025). Adapting language models for mental health analysis on social media. Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, 168, 103217. 10.1016/j.artmed.2025.1032170933-3657https://hdl.handle.net/10347/43901In recent years, there has been a growing research interest focused on identifying traces of mental disorders through social media analysis. These disorders significantly impair millions of individuals’ cognitive and behavioral functions worldwide. Our study aims to advance the understanding of four prevalent mental disorders: Anorexia, Depression, Gambling, and Self-harm. We present a comprehensive framework designed for the domain adaptation of models to analyze and identify signs of these conditions on social media posts. The language models’ adapting strategy consisted of three key stages. First, we gathered and enriched substantial data on the four psychological disorders. Second, we adapted the different models to the language used to discuss mental health concerns on social media. Finally, we employed an adapter to fine-tune the models for multiple classification tasks (specific to each mental health condition). The intuitive idea is to adapt a language model smoothly to each domain. Our work includes a comparative study of different language models under in- and cross-domain conditions. This allows us to, for example, assess the ability of a depression-based language model to detect signs of disorders such as anorexia or self-harm. We show that the resulting mental health models perform well in early risk detection tasks. Additionally, we thoroughly analyze the linguistic qualities of these models by testing their predictive abilities using conventional clinical tools, such as specialized questionnaires. We rigorously examine the models across multiple predictive tasks to provide evidence of the adaptation approach’s robustness and effectiveness. Our evaluation results are promising. They demonstrate that our framework enhances classification performance and competes favorably with state-of-the-art models.eng© 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Attribution 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Social mediaMental healthAnorexiaDepressionGamblingSelf-harmLanguage modelsAdaptersjournal article10.1016/j.artmed.2025.103217open access