López Mayán, Juan JoséDomínguez González, RaquelBarciela Alonso, María CarmenPeña Vázquez, Elena MaríaMoreda Piñeiro, AntonioTaboada Antelo, PabloBermejo Barrera, Pilar2025-04-302025-04-302025López-Mayán, J. J., Domínguez-González, R., Barciela-Alonso, M. C., Peña-Vázquez, E., Moreda-Piñeiro, A., Taboada-Antelo, P., Bermejo-Barrera, P. (2025). Bioaccessibility and cellular transport study of silver and titanium dioxide nanoparticles from exposed seaweed and mussels using Caco-2 cells. "Microchimica Acta", vol. 192, nº 2160026-3672https://hdl.handle.net/10347/41156Bioavailability studies on pollution pre-concentrator organisms such as algae and mussels are necessary to ensure food safety, particularly in the case of nanomaterials whose industrial applications have increased in recent years. Thus, the bioaccessibility and the bioavailability of total Ag and Ti and AgNPs and TiO2NPs from raw and cooked seaweed (Palmaria palmata and Ulva sp.) and cooked mussels (Mytilus edulis) exposed to 1.0 mg L−1 of 15 nm PVP-AgNPs, 1.0 mg L−1 of 25 nm citrate-TiO2NPs, or 1.0 mg L−1 5 nm citrate-TiO2NPs, for 28 days, were evaluated. Samples were subjected to an in vitro process simulating human gastrointestinal digestion while cell transport from the intestinal lumen to the bloodstream was mimicked using Caco-2 cell cultures. Total Ag and Ti in the digest samples, the bioaccessible fractions, the apical, and basolateral fractions were determined by ICP-MS, while AgNPs and TiO2NPs were determined by single-particle-ICP-MS (SP-ICP-MS). Finally, the presence of nanoparticles in the Caco-2 cells was verified by single-cell-ICP-MS (SC-ICP-MS). AgNP bioaccessibility ratios were between 22% and 97% for seaweed and 18% for mussels, while for TiO2NPs were between 17% and 81% (seaweed) and 76% and 100% (mussels). Nanoparticle cellular transports were in all cases less than 1%. However, the mass percentages of Ag as NPs and Ti as NPs in the Caco-2 cells for raw and cooked seaweed were 9% and 7% and 20% and 6%, respectively. These results confirm a small transport of the nanoparticles through the Caco-2 cells under the proposed experimental conditions.eng© 2025. The Author(s). Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder.Attribution 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/BioaccessibilityCaco 2 cellsCellular transportSingle-particle-ICP-MSSingle-cell-ICP-MS2301 química analíticajournal article10.1007/s00604-025-07066-41436-5073open access