Pardo Seco, Jacobo JoséGómez Carballa, AlbertoAmigo Lechuga, JorgeMartinón Torres, FedericoSalas Ellacuriaga, Antonio2020-04-272020-04-272014Pardo-Seco J, Gómez-Carballa A, Amigo J, Martinón-Torres F, Salas A (2014) A Genome-Wide Study of Modern-Day Tuscans: Revisiting Herodotus's Theory on the Origin of the Etruscans. PLoS ONE 9(9): e105920. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0105920http://hdl.handle.net/10347/21804Background: The origin of the Etruscan civilization (Etruria, Central Italy) is a long-standing subject of debate among scholars from different disciplines. The bulk of the information has been reconstructed from ancient texts and archaeological findings and, in the last few years, through the analysis of uniparental genetic markers. Methods: By meta-analyzing genome-wide data from The 1000 Genomes Project and the literature, we were able to compare the genomic patterns (.540,000 SNPs) of present day Tuscans (N = 98) with other population groups from the main hypothetical source populations, namely, Europe and the Middle East. Results: Admixture analysis indicates the presence of 25–34% of Middle Eastern component in modern Tuscans. Different analyses have been carried out using identity-by-state (IBS) values and genetic distances point to Eastern Anatolia/Southern Caucasus as the most likely geographic origin of the main Middle Eastern genetic component observed in the genome of modern Tuscans. Conclusions: The data indicate that the admixture event between local Tuscans and Middle Easterners could have occurred in Central Italy about 2,600–3,100 years ago (y.a.). On the whole, the results validate the theory of the ancient historian Herodotus on the origin of Etruscans.engCopyright: © 2014 Pardo-Seco et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are creditedhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/journal article10.1371/journal.pone.01059201932-6203open access