Giráldez Rivero, XesúsVarela Vázquez, Pedro2025-10-222025-10-222023-03-14Giráldez, J., Varela-Vázquez, P. The role of economic policy and foreign investment: product innovation in the Spanish metalgraphic industry (1959-1975). "Revista de Historia Industrial-Industrial History Review", vol.32, 87, 111-1441132-7200https://hdl.handle.net/10347/43355The stabilization and liberalization of the Spanish economy, a period of external openness and structural change stimulated the process of rationalization of canning processes. The penetration of foreign capital and companies with more efficient technologies than those existing in Spain led to far-reaching changes in canning techniques. In this regard, we show how changes in economic policy and foreign direct investment can lead to sectoral and industrial structure upgrading. This article focuses on the manufacture of metal packaging, specifically on the so-called "liquid rubber", a key input for the automation of its production and the tightness of its closure. A successful case of imitation of foreign techniques and adaptation to the characteristics of the Spanish market, but also of linkage to the international packaging oligopoly and internationalization.engCopyright (c) 2019 Revista de Historia Industrial – Industrial History Review. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Packaging industryProduct innovationIndustrial policyForeign direct investment530603 Transferencia de tecnología5308 Economía generaljournal article10.1344/rhiihr.39163open access