RT Journal Article
T1 In vitro human oral bioaccessibility assessment of hazardous chemicals, including N, N′-substituted-p-phenylenediamines, coming from recycled tire crumb rubber
A1 Sóñora Otero, Sergio
A1 Duque Villaverde, Andrés
A1 Armada, Daniel
A1 Dagnac, Thierry
A1 Llompart Vizoso, María del Pilar
K1 Chromatography-mass spectrometry
K1 Solid-phase extraction
K1 Recycled tire crumb rubber (RTCR)
K1 Oral bioaccessibility
K1 N,N′-substituted-p-phenylenediamines 6PPD-quinone
AB Tires, apart from being formed by rubber and filling materials, contain organic compounds added to make them resistant and durable. The widely use of recycled tire crumb rubber (RTCR), main product of the shredding process of end-of-life tires, can cause human exposure to these chemicals due to its use in synthetic football fields and kid’s playgrounds. In 2023, the European Commission banned the use of recycled tire crumb rubber in synthetic fields, giving eight years to replace the used material. This study intends to assess the oral bioaccessibility of antiozonants, crosslinking and vulcanizer agents present in RTCR. With this purpose, the Unified Bioaccessibility Method (BARGE) was used to simulate the material ingestion. RTCR is put into contact with the four simulated biological fluids including saliva, gastric and duodenal juice and bile, attempting to simulate human digestion. Afterwards, the organic compounds present in the fluid need to be extracted and Solid-phase extraction (SPE) was the technique selected after being optimized to obtain the best extraction conditions. Ultrasound assisted extraction was performed to evaluate the total concentration of the target compounds in the crumb rubber matrixes. Liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was employed to identify and quantify the target compounds. The results showed the bioaccessibility of all the studied analytes, with values ranging from 0.1 % up to 70 %. Benzothiazole was the compound with the highest.
PB Elsevier
SN 0045-6535
YR 2024
FD 2024
LK https://hdl.handle.net/10347/38246
UL https://hdl.handle.net/10347/38246
LA eng
NO Sonora, S., Duque-Villaverde, A., Armada, D., Dagnac, T., Llompart, M. (2024). In vitro human oral bioaccessibility assessment of hazardous chemicals, including N, N´-substituted-p-phenylenediamines, coming from recycled tire crumb rubber. "Chemosphere", vol. 367, 143534
NO The authors would like to thank projects PID2022-140148OB-I00 and RED2022-134079-T (Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, Spain), ED431 2023/04 e IN607B 2022/15 (Galician Competitive Research Groups, Xunta de Galicia). This study is also based upon work from the Sample Preparation Study Group and Network, supported by the Division of Analytical Chemistry of the European Chemical Society. All these programs are co-funded by FEDER (UE). S.S.O. would like to thank the Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities for his predoctoral contract (PREP2022-000520)
DS Minerva
RD 23 abr 2026