RT Journal Article
T1 Cognitive control modulates the expression of implicit sequence learning: Congruency sequence and oddball-dependent sequence effects.
A1 Prutean, Nicoleta
A1 Wenk, Taavi
A1 Leiva, Alicia
A1 Vaquero, Joaquín M. M.
A1 Lupiáñez, Juan
A1 Jiménez García, Luis
K1 Auditory Stimulation
K1 Implicit Learning
K1 Noise Effects
K1 Sequential Learning
K1 Cognitive Control
K1 Simulation
K1 Skill Learning
AB Implicit sequence learning represents an established paradigm to investigate incidental skill acquisition in a laboratory environment. During a covert task, participants respond to the location of a target appearing over a series of locations according to a complex sequence, which gets violated in a reduced set of control trials. Even though participants are not fully aware of the sequence, they respond faster and more accurately to trials following it, thus expressing sequence knowledge. Recent evidence has challenged the view that such knowledge is applied rigidly and affects performance independently from control influences. Jiménez et al. (2009) highlighted that its expression gets reduced immediately after trials not conforming with the learned sequence—an effect that resembles the congruency sequence effect (CSE) commonly observed in interference tasks. However, such effects can also be alternatively explained in associative terms. In this experimental series we took advantage of the well-known attentional properties of oddball sounds and introduced them as an orthogonal variable with respect to the learning process. We found that oddball sounds also hindered the automatic expression of sequence learning, highlighting an oddball-dependent sequence effect similar to the CSE, but most clearly triggered by cognitive control. Moreover, as illustrated through a simulation with a simple recurrent network (SRN), we showed that the CSE reported in this article under noisier conditions is harder to expect from associative processes.
PB American Psychological Association
SN 0096-1523
SN 10.1037/xhp0001025
YR 2022
FD 2022-08-01
LK https://hdl.handle.net/10347/47504
UL https://hdl.handle.net/10347/47504
LA eng
NO Prutean, N., Wenk, T., Leiva, A., Vaquero, J. M. M., Lupiáñez, J., & Jiménez, L. (2022). Cognitive control modulates the expression of implicit sequence learning: Congruency sequence and oddball-dependent sequence effects. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 48(8), 842–855. https://doi.org/10.1037/xhp0001025
NO This paper is not the copy of record and may not exactly replicate the final, authoritative version of the article. Please do not copy or cite without authors' permission. The final article will be available, upon publication, via its DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/xhp0001025
NO Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness, Spain
NO Ghent University, Belgium
DS Minerva
RD 7 jun 2026