RT Journal Article
T1 LC–MS-MS determination of cytostatic drugs on surfaces and in urine to assess occupational exposure
A1 Lema Atán, José Ángel
A1 Lendoiro Belío, Elena
A1 Paniagua González, Lucía
A1 Cruz Landeira, Angelines
A1 López Rivadulla, Manuel
A1 Castro Ríos, Ana de
AB The ever-increased usage of cytostatic drugs leads to high risk of exposure among healthcare workers. Moreover, workers are exposed to multiple compounds throughout their lives, leading to cumulative and chronic exposure. Therefore, multianalyte methods are the most suitable for exposure assessment, which minimizes the risks from handling cytostatic drugs and ensures adequate contamination containment. This study describes the development and full validation of two liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry methods for the detection of gemcitabine, dacarbazine, methotrexate, irinotecan,  cyclophosphamide, doxorubicinol, doxorubicin, epirubicin, etoposide, vinorelbine, docetaxeland paclitaxel in working surfaces and urine samples. The urine method is the frst to measure vinorelbine and doxorubicinol. For surfaces, limitsof detection (LOD) and limits of quantifcation (LOQ) were 5–100 pg/cm2, and linearity was achieved up to 500 pg/cm2. Inaccuracy was between−11.0 and 8.4%. Intra-day, inter-day and total imprecision were <20%, except for etoposide and irinotecan (<22.1%). In urine, LOD and LOQ were 5–250 pg/mL, with a linear range up to 1,000–5,000 pg/mL. Inaccuracy was between −3.8 and 14.9%. Imprecision was <12.4%. Matrix effect was from −58.3 to 1,268.9% and from −66.7 to 1,636% in surface and urine samples, respectively, and extraction effciency from 10.8 to75% and 47.1 to 130.4%, respectively. All the analytes showed autosampler (6°C/72 h), freezer (–22°C/2 months) and freeze/thaw (three cycles)stability. The feasibility of the methods was demonstrated by analyzing real working surfaces and patients’ urine samples. Contamination withemcitabine, irinotecan, cyclophosphamide, epirubicin and paclitaxel (5–4,641.9 pg/cm2) was found on biological safety cabinets and outpatients’bathrooms. Analysis of urine from patients under chemotherapy identifed the infused drugs at concentrations higher than the upper LOQ. These validated methods will allow a comprehensive evaluation of both environmental and biological contamination in hospital settings and healthcareworkers
PB Oxford University Press
SN 0146-4760
YR 2022
FD 2022
LK http://hdl.handle.net/10347/29727
UL http://hdl.handle.net/10347/29727
LA eng
NO José Ángel Lema-Atán, Elena Lendoiro, Lucía Paniagua-González, Angelines Cruz, Manuel López-Rivadulla, Ana de-Castro-Ríos, LC–MS-MS Determination of Cytostatic Drugs on Surfaces and in Urine to Assess Occupational Exposure, Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 2022;, bkac073, https://doi.org/10.1093/jat/bkac073
NO The authors would like to thank the participants and staff of the University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, and E.L., J.A.L.-A and L.P.-G. would like to thank the Consellería de Cultura, Educacion e Ordenación Universitaria, Xunta de Galicia (Spain), for her postdoctoral contract (ED481D-2019/025) and their predoctoral contracts (ED481A-2017/087 and ED481A-2018/059), respectively. We also thank the Xunta de Galicia (Galicia, Spain) for the Consolidation and Structuring of Competitive Research Units Help (2021-PG054)
DS Minerva
RD 3 may 2026