RT Journal Article T1 Variability of mitochondrial ORFans hints at possible differences in the system of doubly uniparental inheritance of mitochondria among families of freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionida) A1 Guerra, Davide A1 Lopes-Lima, Manuel A1 Froufe, Elsa A1 Gan, Han Ming A1 Ondina Navarret, María Paz A1 Amaro González, Rafaela María A1 Klunzinger, Michael W. A1 Callil, Claudia A1 Prié, Vincent A1 Bogan, Arthur E. A1 Stewart, Donald T. A1 Breton, Sophie K1 Freshwater mussels K1 Doubly uniparental inheritance of mitochondrial DNA K1 MtDNA sequencing K1 Mitochondrial ORFan genes K1 Evolution of protein structures and functions K1 Mitochondria and sexual systems AB Supernumerary ORFan genes (i.e., open reading frames without obvious homology to other genes) are present in the mitochondrial genomes of gonochoric freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionida) showing doubly uniparental inheritance (DUI) of mitochondria. DUI is a system in which distinct female-transmitted and male-transmitted mitotypes coexist in a single species. In families Unionidae and Margaritiferidae, the transition from dioecy to hermaphroditism and the loss of DUI appear to be linked, and this event seems to affect the integrity of the ORFan genes. These observations led to the hypothesis that the ORFans have a role in DUI and/or sex determination. Complete mitochondrial genome sequences are however scarce for most families of freshwater mussels, therefore hindering a clear localization of DUI in the various lineages and a comprehensive understanding of the influence of the ORFans on DUI and sexual systems. Therefore, we sequenced and characterized eleven new mitogenomes from poorly sampled freshwater mussel families to gather information on the evolution and variability of the ORFan genes and their protein products PB BMC YR 2019 FD 2019 LK http://hdl.handle.net/10347/21309 UL http://hdl.handle.net/10347/21309 LA eng NO Guerra, D., Lopes-Lima, M., Froufe, E. et al. Variability of mitochondrial ORFans hints at possible differences in the system of doubly uniparental inheritance of mitochondria among families of freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionida). BMC Evol Biol 19, 229 (2019) NO This research was developed under ConBiomics: the missing approach for the Conservation of freshwater Bivalves Project N° NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-030286, co-financed by COMPETE 2020, Portugal 2020 and the European Union through the ERDF, by FCT through national funds, and by Life+ Margal Ulla 09NAT/ES/000514. FCT also supported MLL (SFRH/BD/115728/2016). The research programs of SB and DTS are funded by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council, Discovery Grants RGPIN/435656–2013 and RGPIN/217175–2013, respectively DS Minerva RD 22 abr 2026