RT Journal Article
T1 LC–MS/MS Analysis of the Emerging Toxin Pinnatoxin-G and High Levels of Esterified OA Group Toxins in Galician Commercial Mussels
A1 Otero Fuertes, María Paz
A1 Miguéns Gómez, Natalia
A1 Rodríguez Filgueiras, Inés
A1 Botana López, Luis Miguel
K1 Lipophilic marine toxin levels
K1 Galician mussels
K1 Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS)
K1 New emerging toxins
AB The occurrence of marine harmful algae is increasing worldwide and, therefore,the accumulation of lipophilic marine toxins from harmful phytoplankton represents a food safety threatin the shellfish industry. Galicia, which is a commercially important EU producer of edible bivalve molluskhave been subjected to recurring cases of mussel farm closures, in the last decades. This work aimed tostudy the toxic profile of commercial mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) in order to establish a potentialrisk when ingested. For this, a total of 41 samples of mussels farmed in 3 Rías (Ares-Sada, Arousa,and Pontevedra) and purchased in 5 local markets were analyzed by liquid chromatography tandem massspectrometry (LC–MS/MS). Chromatograms showed the presence of okadaic acid (OA), dinophysistoxin-2(DTX-2), pectenotoxin-2 (PTX-2), azaspiracid-2 (AZA-2), and the emerging toxins 13-desmethyl spirolideC (SPX-13), and pinnatoxin-G (PnTX-G). Quantification of each toxin was determined using their ownstandard calibration in the range 0.1%–50 ng/mL (R2 > 0.99) and by considering the toxin recovery(62–110%) and the matrix correction (33–211%). Data showed that OA and DTX-2 (especially in the formof esters) are the main risk in Galician mollusks, which was detected in 38 samples (93%) and 3 ofthem exceeded the legal limit (160 µg/kg), followed by SPX-13 that was detected in 19 samples (46%)in quantities of up to 28.9 µg/kg. Analysis from PTX-2, AZA-2, and PnTX-G showed smaller amounts.Fifteen samples (37%) were positive for PTX-2 (0.7–2.9 µg/kg), 12 samples (29%) for AZA-2 (0.1–1.8 µg/kg),and PnTX-G was detected in 5 mussel samples (12%) (0.4 µg/kg–0.9 µg/kg). This is the first time Galicianmollusk was contaminated with PnTX-G. Despite results indicating that this toxin was not a potentialrisk through the mussel ingestion, it should be considered in the shellfish safety monitoring programsthrough the LC–MS/MS methods.
PB MDPI
YR 2019
FD 2019
LK http://hdl.handle.net/10347/21146
UL http://hdl.handle.net/10347/21146
LA eng
NO Otero, P.; Miguéns, N.; Rodríguez, I.; Botana, L.M. LC–MS/MS Analysis of the Emerging Toxin Pinnatoxin-G and High Levels of Esterified OA Group Toxins in Galician Commercial Mussels. Toxins 2019, 11, 394
NO This research has received funding from the following FEDER co-funded grants. From Conselleria de Cultura, Educación e Ordenación Universitaria, Xunta de Galicia, 2017 GRC GI-1682 (ED431C 2017/01). From CDTI and Technological Funds, supported by Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, AGL2014-58210-R, AGL2016-78728-R (AEI/FEDER, UE), ISCIII/PI16/01830, RTC-2016-5507-2, and ITC-20161072. From the European Union POCTEP 0161-Nanoeaters -1-E-1, Interreg AlertoxNet EAPA-317-2016, Interreg Agritox EAPA-998-2018, and H2020 778069-EMERTOX. This work was also supported by the program “Juan de la Cierva 2016” from the Spanish Government. Paz Otero is recipient of a Postdoctoral Funding (Ref. IJCI-2016-27774)
DS Minerva
RD 26 abr 2026