RT Journal Article
T1 BEI Inactivated Vaccine Induces Innate and Adaptive Responses and Elicits Partial Protection upon Reassortant Betanodavirus Infection in Senegalese Sole
A1 Valero Cuesta, Yulema
A1 Olveira Hermida, José Gabriel
A1 López Vázquez, Carmen
A1 Pereira Dopazo, Carlos
A1 Bandín Matos, Isabel
K1 Senegalese sole
K1 Inactivated vaccine
K1 BEI
K1 Formalin
K1 Nervous necrosis virus
K1 Immune response
K1 Antibodies
K1 Gene expression
AB Nervous necrosis virus (NNV), the causative agent of viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (VER), is one of the most threatening viruses affecting marine and freshwater fish species worldwide. Senegalese sole is a promising fish species in Mediterranean aquaculture but also highly susceptible to NNV and VER outbreaks, that puts its farming at risk. The development of vaccines for aquaculture is one of best tools to prevent viral spread and sudden outbreaks, and virus inactivation is the simplest and most cost-effective method available. In this work, we have designed two inactivated vaccines based on the use of formalin or binary ethylenimine (BEI) to inactivate a reassortant NNV strain. After vaccination, the BEI-inactivated vaccine triggered the production of specific IgM-NNV antibodies and stimulated innate and adaptive immune responses at transcriptional level (rtp3, mx, mhcii and tcrb coding genes). Moreover, it partially improved survival after an NNV in vivo challenge, reducing the mid-term viral load and avoiding the down-regulation of immune response post-challenge. On the other hand, the formalin-inactivated vaccine improved the survival of fish upon infection without inducing the production of IgM-NNV antibodies and only stimulating the expression of herc4 and mhcii genes (in head-kidney and brain, respectively) during the vaccination period; this suggests that other immune-related pathways may be involved in the partial protection provoked. Although these vaccines against NNV showed encouraging results, further studies are needed to improve sole protection and to fully understand the underlying immune mechanism
PB MDPI
YR 2021
FD 2021
LK http://hdl.handle.net/10347/26398
UL http://hdl.handle.net/10347/26398
LA eng
NO Vaccines 2021, 9(5), 458; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9050458
NO This work was supported by grant RTI2018-094687-B-C21 from MICIU (Spain) co-funded by FEDER
DS Minerva
RD 28 abr 2026