RT Journal Article
T1 Are artificial intelligence chatbots a reliable source of information about contact lenses?
A1 García Porta, Nery
A1 Vaughan, Megan
A1 Rendo González, Sofía
A1 Gómez Varela, Ana Isabel
A1 O'Donnell, Autumn
A1 De Moura, Joaquim
A1 Novo Buján, Jorge
A1 Ortega Hortas, Marcos
K1 Contact lenses
K1 Artificial intelligence chatbots
K1 Eye care professionals
K1 Optometrists
K1 Ophthalmologists
K1 Contact lens opticians
AB IntroductionArtificial Intelligence (AI) chatbots are able to explain complex concepts using plain language. The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of three AI chatbots answering common questions related to contact lens (CL) wear.Methods: Three open access AI chatbots were compared: Perplexity, Open Assistant and ChatGPT 3.5. Ten general CL questions were asked to all AI chatbots on the same day in two different countries, with the questions asked in Spanish from Spain and in English from the U.K. Two independent optometrists with experience working in each country assessed the accuracy of the answers provided. Also, the AI chatbots’ responses were assessed if their outputs showed any bias towards (or against) any eye care professional (ECP). Results: The answers obtained by the same AI chatbots were different in Spain and the U.K. Also, statistically significant differences were found between the AI chatbots for accuracy. In the U.K., ChatGPT 3.5 was the most and Open Assistant least accurate (p < 0.01). In Spain, Perplexity and ChatGPT were statistically more accurate than Open Assistant (p < 0.01). All the AI chatbots presented bias, except ChatGPT 3.5 in Spain. Conclusions: AI chatbots do not always consider local CL legislation, and their accuracy seems to be dependent on the language used to interact with them. Hence, at this time, although some AI chatbots might be a good source of information for general CL related questions, they cannot replace an ECP
PB Elsevier
SN 1367-0484
YR 2024
FD 2024
LK http://hdl.handle.net/10347/33697
UL http://hdl.handle.net/10347/33697
LA eng
NO Contact Lens and Anterior Eye, Volume 47, Issue 2, 2024, 102130
NO This study was partially funded by Xunta de Galicia through the Project “CONSOLIDACIÓN E ESTRUTURACIÓN 2023” (Ref. ED431B 2023/07). Nery Garcia-Porta is supported financially by a Maria Zambrano contract at USC under the grants call for the requalification of the Spanish university system 2021–2023, funded by the European Union—NextGenerationEU. Ana I. Gómez-Varela acknowledges the grant RYC2022-035710-I funded by MCIN/AEI/ https://doi.org/10.13039/501100011033 and by ESF Investing in your future
DS Minerva
RD 25 abr 2026