RT Journal Article
T1 Energy Intake, Macronutrient Profile and Food Sources of Spanish Children Aged One to <10 Years—Results from the EsNuPI Study
A1 Madrigal, Casandra
A1 Soto Méndez, María José
A1 Hernández Ruiz, Ángela
A1 Valero, Teresa
A1 Ávila, José Manuel
A1 Ruiz, Emma
A1 Lara Villoslada, Federico
A1 Leis Trabazo, María Rosaura
A1 Martínez de Victoria, Emilio
A1 Moreno, José Manuel
A1 Ortega, Rosa M.
A1 Ruiz López, María Dolores
A1 Varela Moreiras, Gregorio
A1 Gil, Ángel
K1 Energy intake
K1 Food sources
K1 EsNuPI study
K1 Pediatrics
K1 Spanish children
K1 Misreporting
K1 Feeding behavior
K1 Dietary habits
K1 Nutrition assessment
K1 Pediatric nutrition
AB The present study aimed to assess energy intake, nutrient profile and food sources in Spanish children participating in the EsNuPI (“Estudio Nutricional en Población Infantil Española”) study. Plausibility of energy intake and adequacy of nutrient intakes to international recommendations were analyzed in a final sample of 1448 subjects (728 boys and 720 girls) and one group representative of the 1 to <10 years old urban Spanish children (reference sample (n = 707)) who consumed milk and one of the same age who consumed adapted milk over the last year (adapted milk consumers sample (n = 741)) were compared. Both groups completed data of a face-to-face and a telephone 24-h dietary recalls. Both the reference and the adapted milk consumers samples reported an adequate daily energy intake (1503 kcal/day and 1404 kcal/day); and a high contribution to total energy from protein (16.5% and 15.6%) and fat (36.5% and 35.9%). Also, a high percentage of children from both samples were below the lower limit of the recommendations for carbohydrates (47.8% and 39.3%). As the percentage of plausible energy reporters was high for both groups (84.7% and 83.5%, respectively), data for the whole sample were analyzed. Milk and dairy, cereals, meat and derived products, fats and oils, bakery and pastry, fruits and vegetables contributed to about 80% of the total energy intake in both groups. However, the reference sample reported significantly more contribution to energy from cereals, meat and meat products, bakery and pastry and ready to cook/eat foods; meanwhile, the adapted milk consumers sample reported significantly more energy from milk and dairy products, fruits and eggs. Those results suggest that adapted milk consumers have better adherence to the food-based dietary guidelines. Further analyses are warranted to characterize food patterns and the quality of the diet in the EsNuPI study population
PB MDPI
YR 2019
FD 2019
LK http://hdl.handle.net/10347/23504
UL http://hdl.handle.net/10347/23504
LA eng
NO Madrigal, C.; Soto-Méndez, M.J.; Hernández-Ruiz, Á.; Valero, T.; Ávila, J.M.; Ruiz, E.; Lara Villoslada, F.; Leis, R.; Martínez de Victoria, E.; Moreno, J.M.; M. Ortega, R.; Ruiz-López, M.D.; Varela-Moreiras, G.; Gil, Á. Energy Intake, Macronutrient Profile and Food Sources of Spanish Children Aged One to <10 Years—Results from the EsNuPI Study †. Nutrients 2020, 12, 893
NO The research was funded by Instituto Puleva de Nutrición (IPN)
DS Minerva
RD 25 abr 2026