RT Journal Article
T1 The Impact of A1-and A2 β-Casein on Health Outcomes: A Comprehensive Review of Evidence from Human Studies
A1 González Rodríguez, Nerea
A1 Vázquez Liz, Natalia
A1 Rodríguez Sampedro, Ana
A1 Regal López, Patricia
A1 Fente Sampayo, Cristina Asunción
A1 Lamas Freire, Alexandre
K1 β-casein
K1 A2 milk
K1 Health
K1 Immune function
K1 Human studies
K1 Children
K1 Middleaged adults
K1 Athletes
K1 Scoping review
AB The digestion of A1 β-casein present in conventional milk releases β-casomorphin-7 (βCM-7), a bioactive peptide with potential implications for gastrointestinal and neurological health. A scoping review was performed to respond to the following research question: What are the health effects of consuming milk containing the A1 β-casein variant compared to the exclusive consumption of the A2 variant in humans? The evidence collected in this review of human studies with different populations (i.e., children, middle-aged adults, athletes) suggests that the consumption of milk containing A1 β-casein may negatively influence gut health by altering microbial composition, reducing intestinal motility, and increasing colonic fermentation, leading to elevated gas production and altered short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) profiles. The release of βCM-7 upon digestion can also compromise intestinal-barrier integrity, which may exacerbate symptoms of lactose intolerance, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), or other allergy-related sensitivities. Its ability to cross the blood–brain barrier raises concerns about potential neurological effects. In contrast, milk containing exclusively A2 β-casein is associated with improved gastrointestinal outcomes, including the enhanced abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium spp. and reduced inflammatory markers.
PB MDPI
SN 2076-3417
YR 2025
FD 2025-06-27
LK https://hdl.handle.net/10347/43442
UL https://hdl.handle.net/10347/43442
LA eng
DS Minerva
RD 24 abr 2026