RT Journal Article
T1 Revisiting the limits of atmospheric temperature retrieval from cosmic-ray measurements
A1 Riádigos Sánchez, Irma
A1 González Díaz, Diego
A1 Pérez Muñuzuri, Vicente
K1 Atmospheric temperature
K1 Cosmic-ray rates
K1 Cosmic-ray telescopes
AB A priori, cosmic-ray measurements offer a unique capability to determine the vertical profile of atmospheric temperatures directly from ground. However, despite the increased understanding of the impact of the atmosphere on cosmic-ray rates, attempts to explore the technological potential of the latter for atmospheric physics remain very limited. In this paper, we examine the intrinsic limits of the process of cosmic-ray data inversion for atmospheric temperature retrieval, by combining a detection station at ground with another one placed at an optimal depth, and making full use of the angular information. With that aim, the temperature-induced variations in cosmic rays (c.r.) rates have been simulated resorting to the theoretical temperature coefficients WT(h, θ, Eth) and the temperature profiles obtained from the ERA5 atmospheric reanalysis. Muon absorption and Poisson statistics have been included to increase realism. The resulting c.r. sample has been used as input for the inverse problem and the obtained temperatures compared to the input temperature data. Relative to early simulation works, performed without using angular information and relying on underground temperature coefficients from a suboptimal depth, our analysis shows a strong improvement in temperature predictability for all atmospheric layers up to 50 hPa, nearing a factor 2 error reduction. Furthermore, the temperature predictability on 6-h intervals stays well within the range 0.8–2.2 K. Most remarkably, we show that it can be achieved with small-area m2-scale muon hodoscopes, amenable nowadays to a large variety of technologies. For mid-latitude locations, the optimal depth of the underground station is around 20 m.
PB American Geophysical Union
YR 2022
FD 2022-01-22
LK https://hdl.handle.net/10347/37625
UL https://hdl.handle.net/10347/37625
LA eng
NO Riádigos, I., González-Díaz, D., & Pérez- Muñuzuri, V. (2022). Revisiting the limits of atmospheric temperature retrieval from cosmic-ray measurements. Earth and Space Science, 9, e2021EA001982
NO The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support by Xunta de Galicia under Research Grant No. 2021-PG036-1. The authors also thank financial support from Xunta de Galicia (Centro singular de investigación de Galicia accreditation 2019–2022), by European Union ERDF, and by the “María de Maeztu” Units of Excellence program MDM-2016-0692 and the Spanish Research State Agency. Diego Gonźalez-Díaz acknowledges the Ramon y Cajal program (Spain) under contract number RYC-2015-18 820.
DS Minerva
RD 23 abr 2026