RT Journal Article
T1 Comparison of Four Methods for Measuring Heterophoria and Accommodative Convergence over Accommodation Ratio
A1 Nores Palmás, Noelia
A1 Noya Padín, Verónica
A1 Yebra-Pimentel Vilar, Eva
A1 Giráldez Fernández, María Jesús
A1 Pena Verdeal, Hugo
K1 Heterophoria
K1 AC/A ratio
K1 OptoTab SERIES
K1 Cover Test
K1 Modified Thorington test
K1 Von Graefe
AB The study aimed to assess the agreement between OptoTab SERIES, alternating Cover Test, Modified Thorington test, and Von Graefe method in measuring heterophoria and accommodative convergence over accommodation (AC/A) ratio. In an initial step, heterophoria was assessed at both distance and near in a cohort of 76 healthy young volunteers using the previously described tests. Subsequently, to determine the AC/A ratio, near-vision measurements were repeated with +1.00 D and −1.00 D lenses. All tests were performed in a randomized order across participants under consistent conditions. Significant differences were found between the Modified Thorington test and all other tests at distance (Wilcoxon test, all p ≤ 0.001) and between Von Graefe and all other tests at near (Wilcoxon test, all p ≤ 0.005). Regarding the AC/A ratio, significant differences were observed between all methods in +1.00 D AC/A ratio, except for the Modified Thorington test vs. the alternating Cover Test (Wilcoxon test, p = 0.024). In the −1.00 D AC/A ratio, differences were observed between OptoTab POCKET and all the other tests (Wilcoxon test, all p ≤ 0.001). The results indicate that all methods are interchangeable except the Modified Thorington test at distance and Von Graefe at near. For the AC/A ratio, only the Modified Thorington test is interchangeable with the alternating Cover Test using +1.00 D lenses and all are interchangeable using −1.00 D lenses except OptoTab POCKET.
PB MDPI
SN 2411-5150
YR 2024
FD 2024-10-18
LK https://hdl.handle.net/10347/37540
UL https://hdl.handle.net/10347/37540
LA eng
NO Nores-Palmas N, Noya-Padin V, Yebra-Pimentel E, Giraldez MJ, Pena-Verdeal H. Comparison of Four Methods for Measuring Heterophoria and Accommodative Convergence over Accommodation Ratio. Vision. 2024; 8(4):62
DS Minerva
RD 24 abr 2026